The Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body

Cloning Dolly, the sheep in 1996 was a momentous moment in scientific history. Scientists removed the nucleus from one of Dolly s skin cells and engineered an egg to be insert with then nucleus. This egg could have fertilized in a mothers uterus. Following this discovery, mice, pigs and cattle have been cloned based on the same concept. In 2012, a group of scientists took cloning a step further and cloned human embryos. With great certainty, human cloning will be banned by the government due to human rights. The government has already deemed it illegal to fund human cloning projects. Despite the human rights issue, cloning serves a great role in research. These cloned embryos will help understand the biological nature of human cells and the human body. Also the embryos will help advance medical treatments for a wide variety of diseases. Cloning is vital to genetic engineering. Problems do arise from such an advancement. Exploration of women would be a major issue due to the fact tha t these cloned embryos need to be implanted into a women s uterus in order to under go gestation. Almost all scientific developments pose positive and negative outcomes. http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/cloning/ Misconceptions are held about cloning. Most people globally tend to believe that cloning is pain free, not mistake prone and is only done in laboratories for research. In reality, the first successfully cloned animal known as Dolly the sheep, was successful after twenty-sevenShow MoreRelated Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Essay example1484 Words   |  6 PagesReproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Cloning is defined as the â€Å"creation of an exact copy of a living matter, such as a cell or organism† according to Encarta encyclopedia. The copies produced through cloning have identical genetic makeup and are known as clones. Scientists use cloning techniques in the laboratory to create copies of cells or organisms with valuable traits. Cloning is a controversial topic because new areas of science often raise questions about safety. Early experimentRead MoreThe Benefits of Human Cloning Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesBenefits of Human Cloning This paper was written to show the reader with information on how cloning a human is a good idea. It may be too soon right now to clone a human, but in the near future scientists will be capable of cloning a human successfully. The rapid development of the technology for cloning has led to moral debates around the world on whether or not to ban cloning humans. With the advancement of clone technology two states, California and Michigan, have already banned the cloningRead MoreCloning for the Greater Good Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesCloning for the Greater Good Many advances in science continue to bring possibilities and hope to people around the world. The possibility of therapeutic cloning and embryonic stem cell research not only brings hope to people with diseases but also brings fear to many when the thought of clones walking the earth comes to mind. Therapeutic cloning is an advanced procedure also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) where DNA is removed from an egg and replaced with DNA from a somatic cellRead MoreEssay about Problem With Human Cloning1151 Words   |  5 PagesCloning by definition taken from the Oxford Dictionary is a plant or an animal that produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another plant or animal and so the same as it. The first cloned adult mammal is a sheep named Dolly. The aim of research into human cloning has never been to clone people, or to make babies. The original aim of human cloning research is to get stem cell to cure a disease. It is inevitable that one day this knowled ge of human cloning would be abused. As time goesRead MoreEssay about Another Chance Of Life774 Words   |  4 Pages Another Chance of Life Can there be another you? The answer is no, but by human cloning you can reproduce an offspring that grows into an exact genetically double of you. All of us want to prolong the lives of our loved ones and have a healthy newborn baby. Many infertility couples wanted to have a baby that is genetically theirs, not from adopting a child from a different family background. In the cloning technology, eggs or sperms would not be needed to be conceived by a person because any cellRead More Human Cloning Should be Permitted Essay example1371 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Cloning Should be Permitted What would you say if I told you that scientists had just developed a new procedure that could lead not only to the cure for cancer, but would provide an unlimited source of organ donors and could lead to the first effective treatment of nerve damage? Now adding on to this scenario lets say that our government was taking action to ban this new procedure because of a few myths and some loud mouthed conservatives. This scenario is true and is taking placeRead MoreThe Controversial Scientific Breakthroughs Has Been The Success Of Cloning1499 Words   |  6 Pagessuccess of cloning. Ever since the creation of â€Å"Dolly† the sheep at Roslin Institute, there has been increased debates on whether scientists should bump up a notch and try to clone a human. Biotechnology and science evolves day by day. New inventions and discoveries play an important part in order for a breakthrough in science. Scientists are eager to study and dig deeper into the mysteries of life, to them experimenting with cloning is a major step in fully understanding the human body and its limitsRead MoreHuman Cloning Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesa future where humans are manufactured, a future where humans are created by science, a future where humans are the new lab specimen. Human cloning is like opening Pandoras Box, unleashing a torrent of potential evils but at the same time bringing a small seed of hope. No m atter how many potential medical and scientific benefits could be made possible by human cloning, it is unethical to clone humans. Before the ethics of human cloning can be discussed, the mechanics of cloning must be understoodRead More Cloning Essay723 Words   |  3 Pages Is Human Cloning Ethical? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Imagine that you have just been diagnosed with lung cancer. You have been told you have six months to live unless you can find two replacement lungs. But, you are told and realize you are a clone and have to give your life to save another. Is that ethically right? Would you, the original human want to do it? I feel that cloning human beings is ethically and morally wrong. Cloning seems to be a big issue in the world today. The issues ofRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Food1229 Words   |  5 Pagesbe brought for human by genetic engineering. It has adverse effects on several aspects, for instance social ethics problems and Ecological ethics problems. Although this technology has advantages, the negative aspects of this must be valued. Subsequently, three pivotal research results of genetic engineering will be discussed, cloning, delay of decrepitude and genetically modified food. Then benefits and drawbacks will be identified for this thre e results. Initially, Human Cloning will be disputed

The Blues, By Bessie Smith And Billie Holliday - 1744 Words

Music is such a beautiful creation, the way the melody, rhythm, tempo, all mix together to become a masterpiece. One specific genre of music, the blues, was heavily popular in the early 20th century. The blues is a tradition-oriented music style from the rural Southern African-American origin (â€Å"Jazz in America†, n.d. ). It usually had secular content, which is disparate from how it was when it first began. Blues music originated in plantations, where slaves sung, using it as a mental escape method from their oppression. Even though it started off in a simple way, it eventually turned into a serious entertainment. Bessie Smith and Billie Holliday, two well-known blues female singers, became hit sensations. Blues started in the South, long ago, when slavery was still socially accepted. Slaves were severely oppressed because they were legally bound to their masters. One way they found emotional freedom was to sing songs, which were called â€Å"slave songs.† â€Å"It Makes a Long Time Man Feel Bad†, â€Å"Hammer, Ring†, â€Å"Cornfield Holler†, were just a few of the popular slave songs (â€Å"Slavery and the Making of America†, 2004). Slave songs were in various forms such as field hollers, work songs, spirituals, and country string ballads (â€Å"The Blues- A History†, 2003). As time passed, these types of songs were starting to become known as the blues. After slavery ended in 1865, blues was not only still present, but became more evident. In the beginning of the 20th century, blues music was on theShow MoreRelatedBessie Smith : An American Jazz Musician Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesBessie Smith Bessie Smith is an American Jazz musician in the genre of blues. She was born on the date of 15th April 1894. She is known to well for her dominance in the blues genre music in the span of around 1920s and 1930s. Bessie attributes her success, by working continuously with Louis Armstrong. Research indicates that Louis was a key inspiration when it comes to the perfection of jazz vocals. In her time, Bessie Smith proudly boasts as one of the best Blues musicians both in the US and theRead MoreLouis Armstrong Research Paper3031 Words   |  13 PagesArmstrong became famous due to his musical talent, social involvement, personality and influence on jazz. Armstrong was involved with music for almost his entire life. He started getting involved at a young age just listening to rags, marches, and blues whenever possible(â€Å"Louis Armstrong†). He was fascinated by the emerging jazz music being played around the city at places like the Funky Butt Hall(Rodabaugh). He began singing on the streets and eventually joined a barbershop quartet(â€Å"Louis Armstrong†)

The Life Of Thomas Aquinas - 2700 Words

Samantha Hufnagel REL317A Christian Ministry Professor Ruszala Research Paper due 5/7/15 The Life of Thomas Aquinas St. Thomas Aquinas, also known as â€Å"The Universal Teacher† or â€Å"The Christian Apostle†, was born into a wealthy aristocratic family in the kingdom of Naples at Rocca Secca in 1225 and died on March 7, 1274 at Fossa Nuova (Biography). He was born in Aquino, a town in Southern Italy from which Thomas Aquinas takes his surname. He was the youngest of eight siblings the son of Count Landulf of an old high born southern Italian family and his mother was Countess Theodora of Noble Norman Descent (Biography). Though Thomas s family members were descendants of Emperors Frederick I and Henry VI, they were still considered to be of lower nobility (Medieval Life). At the age of five, St. Thomas Aquinas was sent to the Abbey of Monte Cassino to train with Benedictine monks, where he remained until the age of thirteen. He was then forced to return to Naples due to the political climate. St. Thomas Aquinas spent the next five years completing his primary education at a Benedictine house in Naples. Thomas spent a great deal of time studying Aristotle s work, which later became a major â€Å"launching point† for Thomas s own exploration of philosophy. As he spent more time at the Benedictine house, which was closely affiliated with the University of Naples, Thomas began developing an interest more contemporary monastic orders, which is a â€Å"form of Religious Order with modernShow MoreRelated The Worldwide Influence of St. Thomas Aquinas Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesInfluence of St. Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas was born in the year 1225 into an incredibly Catholic family in a small town in Italy. As Thomas Aquinas grew up, he was very smart and was very interested in the catholic faith and philosophy and ultimately became a teacher of all these things. Thomas Aquinas proved that he was an important historical figure over his life time by being a leader in the Catholic Church , writing The Summa and spreading his beliefs. Thomas Aquinas proved himself asRead MoreThe Italian Kingdom Of Sicily1363 Words   |  6 Pageslead by Thomas Aquinas who invented the Thomistic way of thought which was based around Medieval scholasticism. He revolutionized the catholic church beginning in 1245 when he moved to Paris and studied under Albertus the Great. I am a monk who studies in a monastery similar to one that Thomas Aquinas studied in his earlier years. I, like Aquinas, was originally a Benedictine monk who realized the wrongs associated with living an opulent lifestyle and have decided to live a humbler life by followingRead MoreHow St. Thomas Aquinas s Teachings Have Affected Me1181 Words   |  5 PagesHow St. Thomas Aquinas’s Teachings have Affected Me St. Thomas Aquinas was one of the most profound and prolific writers of his time, and his teachings I feel continue to resonate today. In fact, one of his teachers, St. Albert the Great, once said of him, â€Å"We call this young man a dumb ox, but his bellowing in doctrine will one day resound throughout the world.† This only understates the effect this one man has had through the legacy he left behind. His works continue to inspire many, myself includedRead MoreNichomachean Ethics And Thomas Aquinas986 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically in Aristotle’s â€Å"Nichomachean Ethics† and Thomas Aquinas’ â€Å"On the Nature of Law.† And by examining these texts I wish to argue that even though they lived nearly 1000 years apart, Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas share the same overall view of justice, but they each follow different paths to reach that justice. Both Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas believe in the pursuit of happiness as a measure of justice and a desirable chief end of life. So in this view, all laws that are made in order toRead MoreThe Truth, Power, And Operation Of Spiritual Substances1017 Words   |  5 PagesSumma Thleologica, Saint Thomas Aquinas writes a treatise on man concerning the essence, power, and operation of spiritual substances. In his first article of the treatise, Thomas attempts to answer the question of whether or not the soul is a body. I will be explaining and evaluating the steps of his argument that a body can be a principle of life but that the soul cannot be corporeal, that is, a body. In response to the question of whether or not the soul is a body, Thomas takes the position thatRead MoreA Brief Analysis of Saint Thomas Aquinas Essay example1285 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of life. This is usually is a result of one’s profound religious beliefs. Throughout history there has been scientific reasoning that has brought humanity to a higher domain of knowledge. Saint Thomas was born in 1225 and he came from a noble family from Naples, Italy. His work caused extreme controversially in his time. He is known for his greatest work Summa Theologiae. Saint Thomas Aquinas used scientific reasoning and logic to explain the concept of God. Thomas Aquinas setup the frameworkRead MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesSt. Thomas Aquinas, was a Dominican monk, who generally one of the greatest Scholastic writers of all times. He used ancient philosophy to prove religious propositions. One of the ancient philosophers that St. Thomas Aquinas used to prove religious facts was Aristotle. One of the greatest works that Aristotle did was to prove that god really exists. St. Thomas Aquinas used the forms that Aristotle and Plato used to prove the same philosophical question, does god really exist? St. Thomas AquinasRead MoreTopic sentence. Thomas Hobbes interpretation of natural law is not only radically different, but1300 Words   |  6 Pages Topic sentence. Thomas Hobbes interpretation of natural law is not only radically different, but inconsistent with the traditional view. This can be seen through the similarities and differences found when comparing Thomas Hobbes theory, and Thomas Aquinas’ theory in regards to their view of man’s ultimate goal, their definition of natural law in regards to its relationship with human rationality, and lastly how they view the meaning and relationship of divine providence and religion in naturalRead MoreThe Existence Of God s Existence1339 Words   |  6 Pagesmost sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, int roduced five proofs including the Cosmological Arguments of God’s existence, as well as explained some divine qualities that are associated with God. The nature of God’s existence is often questioned by many. Some believe that there is aRead MoreThomas Aquinas : The Nature Of The Body951 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Aquinas makes the argument that the soul is not a body and expresses that it is part of the body itself. The mind is aware of the soul and to attempt to find the nature of the soul, he must premise that the soul is the first principle of life of animate and inanimate things. Life can be shown by both knowledge and movement. The soul is not a body but the first principle and act of a body, like the principle of seeing are the eyes. Aquinas is not a substance dualist like Descartes even though

Literature And Society s Influence On Society - 1764 Words

When looking at a specific period of time, it s hard to get a scope of the social zeitgeist without examining the role of women. Women in history and society are extremely important because their roles give us powerful insight into the feelings and thoughts of the time. Throughout humanity s time on Earth, we have reflected societal feelings and norms through art, and literature. Changes in society can also be seen through the arts, and the roles of women are not exceptions to this insight. Horror literature is interesting because changes in the monster reflect a change in society. The depiction of vampires in art and literature shows society s view towards women s rights and sexual freedom. Changes in these depictions are due to the†¦show more content†¦The fear of sex and impurity. Within the same passage, Dracula exhibits dialogue towards Mr. Harker to make him comfortable. He says I am Dracula, and I bid you welcome, Mr. Harker, to my house. Come in, the night air is chi ll, and you must need to eat and rest (Stoker 19). When Harker tries to bring his luggage up the count says Nay, sir, you are my guest. It is late, and my people are not available. Let me see to your comfort myself. (Stoker 19). Now this exchange might seem innocent but it is an attempt by the Count to make Harker comfortable. Much like a would-be sexual partner would do to a woman he was trying to seduce. Even towards the end of the story when Dracula is clashing violently with Van Helsing, Harker, and the narrator, they still get a sense of awe and amazement at him. Suddenly with a single bound he leaped into the room. Winning a way past us before any of us could raise a hand to stay him. There was something so pantherlike in the movement, something so unhuman, that it seemed to sober us all from the shock of his coming. (Stoker 346). This goes to show that during the 19th century, people believed that sexual impurity and danger comes from something or someone you might not expe ct. As a reaction to such ideas and thoughts, strict norms and rules were placed upon women. One of the most interesting things about monsters and more specifically, vampires, is their ability to change.Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Literature And Its Influence On Society1467 Words   |  6 Pages Macy Haas Mrs. Bailey English 11 3rd Block 2 Nov. 2017 William Shakespeare’s Literature and its Influence on Society No matter who you ask, almost everyone in today’s culture knows the name William Shakespeare. Even though he was alive centuries ago, somehow he is still popular today, and just as famous as most of the singers, actors, and politicians that society looks up to. He has left behind one of the best legacies ever known, and continues still to educate and inspire people withRead MoreCan Literature Spark Cultural Difference?1185 Words   |  5 Pages Can literature spark cultural difference? â€Å"A Little child with such a big heart that will be broken en crumbled everything falls apart†. A literature poem that is beautifuly and creatvly assembled using words. This poem has a deap meaning about out society and how we indivaduals are so influnced by it. Eventually, society corruptes our purity and made us crumble until everything falled apart. In this world, literature is used and seen in many different forms, and through this forms we see profoundRead MoreThe Opposition Of Dracula And Its Influences On Vampire Literature1467 Words   |  6 Pagesopposition of Dracula and its influences on vampire literature Have you ever thought to yourself, what has influenced vampire literature today? Well, neither have I, but it wouldn’t hurt to touch on the subject. Dracula introduces the idea of lust and death within vampirism. Also, there are many connections that I make throughout this essay between Dracula and I am Legend, proving that Dracula was an influence on the book. The opposition of Dracula has had great influences on vampire literature.We seeRead MoreThe Impact Of Literature On Literature And The Social View Of Poetry1724 Words   |  7 Pages Literature possesses the capability to vastly influence the world, and those who find a way to impact literature drive the powerful influence. Few people in the history of literature publicized as many thoughts and critical views as T.S. Eliot, and by disseminating his opinions throughout the literature world, Eliot found a way to communicate new perspectives and tastes in literature (Worthen). Born in the fall of 1888, T.S. Eliot grew up to become one of the most influential poets of all time,Read MoreThe Impact Of Literature On Literature And The Social View Of Poetry1391 Words   |  6 Pages Literature possess the capability to vastly influence the world, and those who find a way to impact literature drive the powerful influence. Few people in the history of literature publicized as many thoughts and critical views as T.S. Eliot, and by disseminating his opinions throughout the literature world, Eliot found a way to communicate new perspectives and tastes in literature (Worthen). Born in the fall of 1888, T.S. Eliot grew up to become one of the most influential poets of all time, asRead MoreSuperb Motivation. Literature Possesses The Capability1749 Words   |  7 PagesSuperb Motivation Literature possesses the capability to vastly influence the world, and those who find a way to impact literature drive this powerful influence. Few people in the history of literature publicized as many thoughts and critical views as T.S. Eliot, and by disseminating his opinions throughout the literature world, Eliot found a way to communicate new perspectives and tastes in literature (Worthen). Born in the fall of 1888, T.S. Eliot grew up to become one of the most influentialRead MoreThe Impact Of Haruki Murakami On The World War II939 Words   |  4 Pagesup in a Japanese society marked by war. Even after the war had ended, the feelings had not disappeared. Japanese literature was stained with themes of devastation and war. The stereotype put on the Japanese also made it more difficult for them to find places in society. Murakami had a harder time becoming part of mainstream literature because he was of Japanese heritage. Another important event was the rise of the United States as a world power. The new power began to influence more than just politicsRead MoreDystopian Literature : The Dark Sides Of Our Dreams1456 Words   |  6 PagesUsing the text as a frame of reference, how does dystopian literature demonstrate the power of fear? Dystopian fiction shows what happens if people don t fear for what s to come. Fear influences people very substantially, changing the actions they make. As it says in the text, â€Å"Dystopias are the dark sides of our dreams. There are common themes and stylistic choices because all of the distorted mirrors that authors are holding up are trying to show us the same things. They are trying to give usRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s Works Made A Huge Impact On Readers And Literary Critics1288 Words   |  6 Pagescritics. His writing occurred during both the romantic and realist time eras in American Literature. He has simple, seemingly artless narrators and an understated style leads readers to arrive at the social comment ary of his narratives on their own. Mark Twain’s writing influenced society because he created a new perspective on life with the views pointed out in his books. The distinctive trait of Twain s was his sense of humor. His writings are almost always humorous and have an element of satireRead MoreDiversity Of Culture And Human Relations850 Words   |  4 Pagesclassroom for children and parents. After all, we are all different, unique, and special. As a professional educator, I need to take a leadership in promoting the understanding of diversity in culture and human relationship in school, community, and society. The other example, the assignment of poverty socioeconomic status was an excellent assignment because it taught us the understanding of the life of poverty. People who are the low socioeconomic status live in the environment that unsafe and stressful

Film Studies Rosemary Baby

Question: Discuss about theFilm Studies for Rosemarys Baby. Answer: Introduction In the article named Birth Traumas: Parturition and Horror in Rosemarys Baby, the author offers a modern and feminist reading and critical analysis of the movie Rosemarys Baby. In the year of 1968, Rosemarys Baby, still considered to be a masterpiece of Polanski, sent chill down the spine while narrating a tale of a body invasion story and gothic pregnancy of a the titular character, who gets apparently possessed by a Satanic spirit (Fischer). While such horror tales could easily capture the attention of the then audience back in the 20th century, the author Lucy Fischer critically analyzes the social position of a woman in the contemporary society and the anguish she experienced in an essentially patriarchal society to be solely responsible for the delinquent behavior of Rosemary (Fischer). Hence, the thesis statement of the essay is that the movie Rosemarys Baby reflects the pathetic social condition of the powerless woman in a patriarchal society, and the tale does not narrate a g othic tale, but rather explores the psychological tensions of a woman in her pre-natal period. One has to agree with the perspective of the author, as the article rightly describes the traumatic experience encountered by a would-be mother, Rosemary. The author asserts that in the contemporary male-dominated social set up, a woman is socialized in a way that she is encouraged to lose her individuality, assert her own rights and become an object to the male desire of fathering a child. The author does refer to Zajiceks comment, that motherhood was the only fulfilling, rewarding course of action that a woman could pursue in the 1930s, and hence though the woman was barely prepared to encounter the physical pain and mental anxiety accompanying pregnancy, she was compelled to embrace motherhood against her wishes (Bhattacharya). As the feminist Adriane Rich rightly asserted, a woman compelled to become a mother is well-aware of the excruciating pain she is likely to encounter, and thus conceives herself to be a sacrificial victim. The anxiety resulting from fear of the horrendous p ain of delivery, can be seen responsible for the eccentric, lunatic behavior of Rosemary who is believed to be possessed in the movie. The author argues that Rosemarys Baby is not a gothic tale of evil spirits and monstrous child, but a tragic tale of the suppressed pain of the woman protagonist, who feels secluded and utterly helpless in a patriarchal social set-up. The author also points out that a lot of medical complications assisted pregnancy, such as puerperal fever that not only implied excruciating pain, but could also mean death. Considering this situation, women like Rosemary often suffered from depression, anxiety and paranoia that explain the delirium of Rosemary (Pieterse). In order to substantiate the argument, the author also refers to the scene of Rosemary apparently being raped by Satan. While the innocent woman emerges from her sleeps, she is astonished to see scratches on her body, and apparently the claws of the Devil have left the mark on her. However, on asking her husband, she understands how her husband drugged her, and tried to get close with her while she was still unconscious. Such inciden t of having intercourse with a wife without her consent, leaving behind scratches on her body, cannot be justified under any situation, and as the author claims that such incidents of domestic violence happened regularly with the women of the early 20th century, leading to the anxiety confused with lunacy here. A woman is being objectified, and she, against her wishes, is compelled to be socialized. While Rosemary being a woman is left with no option but to become a mother as desired by her husband, the social position of the woman is very evident. Rosemary starts seeking the grace of the Holy Father for being unconscious during her intercourse, and as per the cultural clichs, it is wrong for her to indulge in erotic activities (Humphrey). The author rightly asserts that a woman is being continually objectified, sometimes used for satisfying the sexual desire of her husband, and sometimes for helping her husband father a child. Rosemary becomes a sacrificial victim, and yet the auth or states that the witch or the demon possessing her does not exist in reality, but the demonic forces of patriarchy does have an overreaching consequence on the woman. The methodological approach employed by the author is the qualitative research method, that relies on the use of the secondary data. While substantiating his standpoint, the author keeps on referring to the writings of popular authors such as Ann Dally, feminists such as Adrianne Rich and even psychiatrists such as Helene Deutsch. In case the movie is analyzed in respect of the society it was written in, it becomes clear that the real demo possessing the woman is that of patriarchy which tries to stifle the voice and freedom of Rosemary. Reference List: Bhattacharyya, Srijita. "Power of madness: Rosemarys reply to the question Arent you His mother?."Folklore And Folkloristics7.1 (2014): 88. Fischer, Lucy. "Birth Traumas: Parturition and Horror in" Rosemary's Baby"."Cinema Journal31.3 (1992): 3-18. Humphrey, Daniel. "Gender and Sexuality Haunts the Horror Film."A Companion to the Horror Film(2014): 38-55. Pieterse, Annel. "Polanski and perception: the psychology of seeing and the cinema of Roman Polanski." (2014): 151-155.

Harrison Act 1914 free essay sample

The first international initiative to control drugs was the 1909 Shanghai Opium Commission which brought the community together in order to deter the illicit drug trafficking of opium. The Commission later met at conferences in the Netherlands in 1911 and 1913, promoting legislation that would aid them in handling the narcotics problem in their own country. During this same time period, the United States started to take notice in the favor of prohibition of all â€Å"moral evils,† particularly drugs and alcohol. New York Representative Francis B. Harrison was particularly moved by both the Shanghai Commission and the reformists in the Progressive movement who wanted to eradicate drugs, he proposed a two measure system to prohibit the introduction and nonmedical use of drugs as well as regulate the production of drugs in the United States. This became known as the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914. The provisions of the Harrison Act imposed licensing requirements on those who manufactured, distributed, sold, imported, produced, compounded and dispensed narcotic drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on Harrison Act 1914 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These parties must register with the director of the Internal Revenue Service within the Treasury Department and pay an occupational tax, which increased gradually. It was a way for Congress to monitor the solicitation of opium and coca leaves so they could have records of transactions involving these drugs. They were only allowed for medical and scientific use. Those who were in violation of this act, would face a maximum penalty of five years in jail, a $2,000 fine, or both. The Harrison Act intended to create income by enforcing taxes involving the sale, trade and distribution of drugs. Congress put this responsibility on the Treasury Department in particular the IRS and the Narcotics Unit of the Bureau of Prohibition. The Treasury made attempts to limit narcotics for medicinal and scientific uses by physicians and druggists. The Act required physicians and pharmacists to pay close attention to prescriptions and determine if there was any suspicious activity about the drug (i. e. unusual large quantities). Sales and transfers of drugs could only be made through order forms attained from the IRS director. Any records obtained during this time were kept and maintained for two years, with a few exceptions to filing these forms. The Harrison Act was interpreted by the Treasury Department to mean prohibiting drugs to known addicts. Addicts were turned away from registering and could only receive narcotics through licensed doctors, dentists or veterinarians. The regulations also prohibited doctors from keeping a patient-addict on drugs, a practice used often to help addicts avoid severe withdrawals while they were weaned from drug dependence. The department also interpreted the Act to mean possession of narcotics to be prima facie (at first glance), shifting the burden of proof to the suspect, who had documentation that the drugs were obtained legally. The Treasury Department typically enforced the act through warnings, although they charged physicians and druggists with conspiracy when law enforcement arrested an addict who obtained narcotics illegally and a connection was made to prove the physician or druggist provided the narcotics. According the Harrison Act, physicians could prescribe drugs in the course of their professional practice. However, the police and judiciary interpreted the law too broadly resulting in the arrest, prosecution and imprisonment of physicians under the Harrison Act. Health professionals began to refuse to work with substance users, giving them no other choice to either stop using the drug or obtain it illegally through an illicit drug market. A committee was later formed in 1918 to discuss the impact of the Harrison Act. They determined that opium and other narcotics had over a million followers and the reason behind it was due to a lack in implementation, which later called for stricter application. An increase in organized crime made drugs profitable. Another consequence was the basic eradication of opium smuggling due to its bulk but an increase in heroin smuggling due to the fact is a more concentrated opiate and also less bulky. The Harrison Act clearly created more problems than it solved. It failed to do away with the problem of narcotics mostly because it failed to prohibit the sale and distribution of marijuana. It also didn’t resolve the issue of whether addicts should be treated as criminals or patients requiring medical treatment. The Act also hindered the Treasury Department’s authority, specifically from seizing narcotics and instead interpreting the act to mean to collect revenue as a penal measure. After the Act was passed, narcotics increased as a result of this exclusion. Nevertheless, the Harrison Act is important because it brought the dangers of narcotics and drug use to national awareness. The act also paved the way for more legislation such as the 1970 Controlled Substance Act, which attempted to deal with the illegal sale, distribution and consumption of drugs and other easily abused substances while still ensuring their use for medical purposes.