Time, Money, Morality and Self-Reflection

cadence, Money, Morality and Self-ReflectionChristina Trofimenko thieveGino and Mogilners field of view on eon, bills and morality (2013) presents findings that suggest that nursing home upon the common concepts of fourth dimension and money can impact upon the moral choices that individuals make. The tie-in found amidst time, money and cheating by Gino and Mogilner (2013) is real convert. The methodology used to obtain these intimacys is found to be very salutary verified by other studies (Bargh, Chen and Burrows, 1996) and also even choice than other methods (Bryans, Adams and Monin, 2013). A nonher endpoint that Gino and Mogilner (2013) come to is that self-refection is the cause of the effects, this however is not as convincing as they use self-aw areness techniques to increase self-refection. Other look for suggests that self-consciousness does not always promote moral behavior, meaning that the two concepts are different, (Vallacher and Solodky, 1979) so Gi no and Mogilners chew over has not effectively examined self-refection.Time, Money, Morality and Self-Reflection?The paper that time and money assume the ability to impact upon ones moral decisions is quite shocking (Gino and Mogilner, 2013). Prior to Gino and Mogilners study (2013) at that place have been golf links found betwixt money and anti-social behaviour much(prenominal) as a diminished want to help and work with others (Vohs, Mead and Goode, 2006). Time however has been connected with pro-social behaviour such as a stronger desire to socialise (Mogilner, 2010). Gino and Mogilner (2013) however go on further to link time and money to morality, attri exclusivelying the amount of self-reflection elicited as the cause. They define self-reflection as the military rank of how ones actions will affect their self-image, stating that performing morally will increase autocratic self-image which is more desirable (Adler, 1930 and Rogers, 1959 as cited by Gino and Mogilner (201 3). The link found between time, money and morality seems to be very convincing, however the attribution of self-refection as the cause is not so. This is due(p) to definitional issues which would have impacted upon Gino and Mogilners (2013) methodology.The link between time, money and the likelihood of cheating was proven to be middling significant by Gino and Mogilner (2013). Time and money were described as general concepts and it was seen that the intent was to examine how thoughts of these concepts would affect behaviour. Priming was used by Gino and Mogilner (2013) which has been shown to be a very effective technique which can reveal subconscious mind attitudes towards the concept being primed. Bargh, Chen and Burrows (1996) showed that when participants were primed with words that were associated with the elderly, they took longer to paseo down a hallway than those who were not primed. Bargh et al. (1996) concluded that this effect was due to the activation of the elderl y stereotype. It was also shown that participants that were primed with rude words displayed ruder behaviour than those who were primed with polite words (Bargh et al., 1996), showing that people can be easily influenced by exposure to concepts. Thus, the effects seen in Gino and Mogilners (2013) study can be certainly attributed to subconscious attitudes that participants had about the general concepts of time and money.The way in which morality was operationalised was specific to cheating behaviour, meaning that links drawn between time, money and morality can be broaden only to immoral behaviour that is related to cheating. Cheating involves lying and stealing, some(prenominal) of which are involved in much immoral behaviour that has major impacts upon society (Gino and Mogilner, 2013). Gino and Mogilner (2013) employed a very effective technique to placard cheating behaviour that allowed them to determine whether cheating occurred and to which bound it occurred. By exploit ation secret identification enactments they were able to identify worksheets of participants who thought they were anonymous, without rousing up suspicion. Bryans, Adams and Monins (2013) study measured cheating by analyze the statistical likelihood that a person would think of an odd number first with people who are given a chance to dissimulation and benefit financially. Their technique was able to determine the likelihood that cheating occurred, but results were not as definite as the ones in Gino and Mogilners study (2013). Thus the link between money, time and cheating behaviour is very strong as concepts were operationalised and measured very effectively. The link made between self-refection and time, money and morality however, does not seem to be as clear. end-to-end their study, Gino and Mogilner (2013) use the terms self-awareness and self-reflection interchangeably, thus using techniques that increase self-awareness to increase self-refection in their study, namely th e reverberate technique. The mirror technique has been shown to increase self-awareness which in round of golf decreases cheating (Duval and Wicklund, 1972, as cited by Diener and Wallbom, 1976). However it has been found that when an individuals ability or other internal factors are being attributed to their public presentation on a task, subjects that are more self-aware (i.e. had a mirror in front of them) will cheat more as self-defensive tendencies are triggered (Vallacher and Solodky, 1979). However when causes of failure are attributed to external factors such as luck, subjects who were self-aware barely cheated, in contrast to this non self-aware subjects cheated similarly in both(prenominal) cases (Vallacher and Solodky, 1979). If this indeed is the case, self-awareness will not always increase the likelihood of acting morally, thus self-reflection is not the equivalent of self-awareness in all cases. The results of Experiment 3 (Gino and Mogilner, 2013) showed that whe n a subject was made more self-aware by the heraldic bearing of a mirror the time and money conditions had the same amount and extent of cheating. However, Gino and Mogilner (2013) didnt relate the individuals success to internal factors and thus self-awareness in this linguistic context would have reduced cheating (Vallacher and Solodky, 1979). In this case, perchance the mirror did not invoke self-reflection but rather self-awareness which in the context reduced cheating. In experiment 2, (Gino and Mogilner, 2013) different types of self-awareness were seen to have different effects on cheating levels such as was shown by Vallacher and Solodky (1979). When personality was attributed to success, cheating levels between time and money were the same. However, when intelligence was attributed, those primed with money cheated more. The individuals in the time condition cheated equally in both conditions, suggesting that time does have an impact upon the way people behave. Whereas, at tributing the cause of the effect on self-reflection does not seem to be as convincing since Gino and Mogilner (2013) failed to make a annotation between self-reflection and self-awareness in their methodology.In conclusion, Gino and Mogilner (2013) have found a convincing link between time, money and morality as concepts were well delimit and operationalised. The causal attribution of these effects to self-refection however was not as compelling, as Gino and Mogilner (2013) failed to recognise that self-awareness is not the equivalent of self-reflection in all cases. Due to these definitional issues the conclusion made by Gino and Mogilner (2013) that self-refection is the cause of the effects may not be entirely correct. This would limit the applicability of the findings to the real world.ReferencesBargh, J. A., Chen, M., Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior claim effects of trait construct and stereotype-activation on action. ledger of Personality and kindly P sychology, 71(2), 230-244.Bryan, C.J., Adams, G.S., Monin, B. (2013). When cheating would make you a cheater Implicating the self prevents unethical behaviour. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 142(4), 1001-1005.Diener, E., Wallbom, M. (1976). Effects of self-awareness on antinormative behaviour. Journal of Research in Personality, 10, 107-111.Gino, F., Mogilner, C. (2013). Time, money and morality. Psychological Science, 25(2), 414-421.Mogilner, C. (2010). The pursuit of happiness Time, money and social connection. Psychological Science, 21(9), 1348-1354.Vallacher, R.R., Solodky, M. (1979). prey self-awareness, standards of evaluation and moral behaviour. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 15, 254-262.Vohs, K.D., Mead, N.L., Good, M.R. (2006). The psychological consequences of money. Science, 314, 11541156.

Behaviour Modification Case Studies

Behaviour Modification Case Studies style MODIFICATIONSOPHIA A. JOHNSON24 year old Marla suffers from extreme solicitude of sociable daubs, she is employed to an advertising firm where she is expected to interact in nine-fold loving setting as a means of networking. Marla is afraid if she does non get uphold she may lose her job.Marla is suffering from a charge of amicable situations, the operative behaviour is her inability usance in a social setting such as maintaining eye contact, she holds her head down, eye lowered and her words argon often inaudible. She often displays a disregard nervous shaking almost in a trembling direction and her palms similarly becomes moist and sweaty making it socially inappropriate to shake reach. A flushed complexion also results from being in any social situations. This extreme alarm of social situation is overcome by Marla escaping or engaging in an avoidance response cognise as the operant demeanour, which is exhibited when the revere producing-stimulus (social settings) is present.In this case study Marlas respondent behavior we see where she is unable to function in any social situation and prior to being employed she was able to avoid attendance to social events or gatherings. When Marla is in a social situation or functions this known as the CS (conditioned stimulus) that causes the CR (conditioned responses) which is upkeep or anxiety. Respondent behavior aids in the development of an anxiety problem by how the worship is able to be developed through conditioning as a result of the response received when the fear is encountered. Such as Marla avoiding issue to parties or attending functions or public events.Systematic and in-vivo desensitisation are from a list of techniques used to modify the behavior of those suffering from fear or anxiety. Systematic desensitization was developed by Joseph Wolfe and practices relaxation composition imagining scenes of the fear producing stimulus, (Miltenberg er, 2012, p. 480). There are three steps for a successful imperious desensitization technique to be effective, tickt relaxation skills, pecking order list of fear producing stimulis and use of twain relaxation and fear producing stimulis being repeatedly shared with the client until the fear is extinct. In-vivo desensitization differs in that it moves beyond imagining to actually exposing the client to that which he/she fears, the client mustiness then learn to remain relaxed and use the substituted reaction art object engaging in the experience of fear or anxiety.One advantage of systematic desensitization is its ease and convenience for the client, not an immediate interaction with the fear. The disfavour is that the client may be able to maintain composer while imaging the fear but is unable to follow through of maintaining the relaxation technique when awardd with the real stimuli. (Miltenberger, 2012, p. 485), notes that the most effective of the two are comm sole(pre nominal) in-vivo desensitization, the advantage of choosing this method is the encounter is real and allows for the fear to be turn to on the spot and any adjustment to the relaxation technique roll in the hay be noted or corrected. The disadvantage however, is it is difficult depending on the cause of fear and hindquarters be time consuming and expensive for both client and therapist.Marlas demeanour Modification ProcedureRelaxation techniques profoundly breathing, head up and maintain eye contact she will learn to take (rapid, shallow breaths that come from her chest and quietly exhales to decrease her meat rate and calm the nervousness).Create a list of Marlas fears with judge scale for effectively facing fears and utilizing respondent techniques starting with family gatherings (20), school functions (20) slur gatherings (20), and work functions (40).Practice the relaxation techniques by doing a mock function at the therapy center, then stick Marla host a small party a t home for family and friends, attend office gatherings and move unto the business functions). apply the in-vivo desensitization behavior modification procedure to protagonist Marla deal with her fear of social situations, this procedure was chosen because it was time sensitive for the client to have her fear under control as if affected her job functioning. The pecking order was chosen by first use a familiar surroundings and group to give her the support and opportunity to practice the relaxation techniques without fear of incidents, then she would move on to less comfortable situations as she gained impudence she would finally be allowed to attend a business function and face her biggest platform for her fear. It is expected that through each mock stage the preference response will replace the fear response.Other ABA-based treatment that can be used to decrease fear and anxiety are implosion therapy which is the process of exposing the individual to the feared stimulus at full intensity for a prolonged period, there is also modeling which is used with children it allows a child to observe another person approaching the feared stimulus or engaging in the feared activity, which hopefully helps the child to then be more than likely to engage in similar behavior (Miltenberger, 2012, p. 486) The different procedures are dependent on the type, level and degree of fear as healthy as the age of the person being treatment, often measure nine-fold treatment options may have to be used to successfully help the individual overcome their fear.6 year old Jon has a whisker pulling usance/ self-stimulatory behavior, he is of normal intelligence and is known to only engage in the behavior while being inactive, this can be while watching television, quiet time in school, or waiting in line with his parents.Target behavior of whisker pulling define as the fingers-to-hair contact with or without a pulling motion and twirling. It also includes taking hand to head and grabbing a hand full of hair in a ceaseless downward motion.(Miltenberger, 2012), defines a behavior unneeded as an undesirable target behaviorthe person wants to decrease in frequency, duration, or intensity. In the case of Jon, we would like to decrease or head off the number of times he engages in hair pulling while inactive.Short-term implications that may affect Jon is that he may have headaches from the continuous pulling of his hair or scalp irritation may occur. He may also engage in pulling the hair of others causation harm. The long-term implications are bald spots or trichotillomania. ( in operation(p) Analysis and give-and-take of Chronic Hair Pulling in a Child with Cri du chatter Syndrome Effects on Co-Occurring Thumb Sucking, 2008)Since the sensory stimulation from manipulating his hair in the midst of his thumb fingers reinforces Jons behavior, a recommended habit reversal inclusive of sentiency training, a competing response training, social support, g eneralization strategies, and motivational strategies (Miltenberger, 2012, p. 516) will be used.Based on the information share we are conscious of the times that the hair pulling occur, we now need to engage Jon and his caregivers into becoming aware of the moments leading up to the hair pulling. Once awareness training has been accomplished we can engage in a competing response training using the differential reinforcement method of reinforcing Jon non-hair pulling with praise and a detail system. Social support of his caregiver using cues such as hands from hair, or no pulling of hair, or giving him a adjudge to color while they wait in line, or hands in lap as he sits during quiet time will help to reinforce the desirable behavior. Use of motivational strategies such as let him know how neat and nice his hair looks can help to rede him from engaging in hair-pulling.If Jon had an intellectual disability and was unable to comprehend wherefore pulling his hair is bad, I would utilize a different habit reversal procedure to increase its effectiveness, I would suggesting keeping his hair goldbrick to alleviate his hair pulling action. Since hair pulling is often keep due to automatic reinforcement using other appropriate methods of removing the stimulation received from the action will aid in reducing behavior.ReferencesFunctional Analysis and Treatment of Chronic Hair Pulling in a Child with Cri du Chat Syndrome Effects on Co-Occurring Thumb Sucking. (2008). Retrieved from Association for Behavior Analysis International http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846574/Miltenberger, R. (2012). Behavior Modification Principles and Procedures. 5th Edition. Wadsworth.

Reflection Has Become An Important Concept In Nursing Nursing Essay

Reflection Has Become An Important Concept In nurse Nursing EssayIntroductionIn recent eld, reflection has undoubtedly become an important pattern in nursing, stimulating debate and influencing nursing pattern and education around the world. Much has been written ab step forward the speculation of reflection, the majority of which has been applied to the educational setting (Price 2004). However, the seismic disturbance of reflecting has been described as a raptureable skill which may be incorporated into clinical practice, enabling practitioners to better understand themselves and differents, and solve problems (Mantzoukas Jasper 2004). Indeed, the capability to reflect consciously upon ones professional practice is gener whollyy recollected important for the development of education and, hence, for clinical expertise (Mamede Schmidt 2004).Reid (1993) defines reflection as a influence of reviewing an experience of practice in golf-club to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning somewhat practice (Reid 1993, p. 305). The nursing profession seems to advise the need for nurses to be educated and practice in ways that develop their overcritical thinking, autonomy and predisposition to others (Reed Ground 1997). Bulman (2004) contends that reflective practice may provide a agency of achieving this. Within an intensive do by setting, some evi retreatce exists to mention a strong relationship amid lived experience and learning, with roughly critical bursting charge practitioners learning from previous(prenominal) experience (Hendricks et al 1996). More belatedly, reflection has been well associated with the concepts of critical thinking and deconstruction. It is argued that a combination of these principles create a ex post facto and prospective dimension, giving the practitioner the ability to deconstruct events, to rea countersign the origins of attitudes, and to consider what has gone before and what may happen yet (Ro lfe 2005).In order to be erective in practice there is a essential to be purposeful and goal directed. It is suggested thereof that reflection mint non just be concerned with understanding, exclusively moldiness also focus on spatial relation practice in spite of appearance its social structures, and on changing practice (Bolton 2001). This suggests that a structured approach to reflection is of benefit to the practitioner. Indeed the use of a model or manakin of reflection is advocated as a bastard which ordure aid and facilitate the practitioner in reflection, promoting a offset of continuous development (Bulman 2004).Reflection is seen as a dynamic process and not a static one (Duke 2004), and thus the use of a framework which adopts a cyclic approach to reflective practice seems appropriate. genius such framework is Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle, which is adapted form a framework of experiential learning, and uses a series of questions to guide, and provide struc ture for the practitioner when reflecting on an experience. Gibbs (1988) foregrounds 6 important beas of consideration when reflecting on a specific situation, encourage the practitioner to consider what happened, why it happened and what could be done differently in the future. The 6 components of the Reflective Cycle ar awaylined below exposition What happened?Feelings What were you thinking and feeling?Evaluation What was good and bad about the situation? summary What sense can you bedevil of the situation?Conclusion What else could you stand done?Action Plan If the situation arose again, what would you do?It is clear that the image of reflective practice has come to select a considerable impact on the nursing profession. This paper pass on focus on 2 clinical scenarios occurring within an intensive c are setting. The cut offs raised will be discussed within the consideration of Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle. The direct in doing so is to highlight the benefits of a structured reflective process, and to come out ways in which clinical practice may be breakd in the future.Scenario 1 explanationThe first scenario concerns the get by of an elderly, critically ill diligent, who was being treated in a operative intensive occupy unit. At the time of this scenario the enduring had been in intensive like for almost 3 weeks, having been admitted with respiratory ill fortune requiring intubation, and displaying clinical symptoms consistent with sepsis. The uncomplaining had many other underlying health check checkup problems, was morbidly obese, and despite antibiotic therapy was requiring high takes of inotropic and ventilatory support. dis obligingness the diligents symptoms, no definite source of sepsis had been identified.The in a higher place patient role was being anguishd for by the origin on a 12 hour sidereal day shift and at the morning ward round it was noted that the patients physical body had deteriorated significa ntly oer the previous 2 old age, with increased inotrope dependence and worsening renal function. With few intercession options left to try, the consultant anaesthetist decided that the patient should begin a CT contemplate to identify or rule out an abdominal problem as a source of the sepsis. The patient was reviewed by a consultant surgeon who matt-up that in view of the patients co-morbidity, surgical operation of any kind would not be appropriate, despite voltage controlling findings on CT.K directlying that a CT contemplate had been carried out 1 week previously with no significant findings, the compose raised concerns about the benefit of such a procedure, and suggested that at the very least the patients family should be informed or consulted about the planned investigation. The patients son had been spoken to the previous day and informed that the prognosis was very curt. Withdrawal of treatment had been mentioned as a possibility in the event of no improvement in the patients condition. The son however was not informed about the scan which went forwards the same day.Transferring the patient to the radiology department for scan proved thorny. The patient was sedated for polish off resulting in a need for increased inotropes due to throw out hypotension caused by the sedation. The patients large size also created a problem in finding an appropriate transfer trolley to take the patients weight. Again the fountain voiced concerns, stating that perhaps transfer was inadvisable in view of the patients runny cardiovascular status. The anaesthetist decided that we should proceed with the scan.The patient remained unstable throughout the transfer, requiring a further increase in inotropes on arrival at scan. Whilst on the CT table, the patient became dangerously hypotensive and bradycardic, and it seemed that cardiac grow was imminent. Adrenaline boluses were administered, and large fluid boluses of gelofusine were also given. In view of this, the CT scan was abandoned midway, and the patient was quickly transferred back to intensive care unit. Further epinephrin boluses were needed during transfer.On arrival back to intensive care unit, the beginning was met by the patients son, who was not aware that the patient was being scanned. He was do aware of the patients poor condition. Back in ICU it was decided that further resuscitation was not appropriate. The son was present when the patient died a few minutes later.FeelingsOn the day these events took place, the predominant thoughts and feelings of the creator were ones of guilt and lack. Having considered the multiple health problems faced by the patient at this time, the author matte up that the process of transferring the patient to CT scan and carrying out the scan itself may cause the patient stress, irritation and potential danger, and eventual(prenominal)ly be of little or no benefit.During the transfer and scanning process, the author became change magnit udely anxious about the immediate preventative of the patient, and the potential for deterioration in the patients condition. When the patient became dangerously bradycardic and hypotensive, the authors thoughts were concentrated on trying to prevent cardiac arrest.On re circleing to ICU and showdown the patients son, it seemed that neither the dignity of the patient or the concerns of the family had been noteed. The author felt an inadequacy and felt that the interests of the patient had not been properly advocated. The patient passed away in a distressing and undignified manner, and the son did not make up the hazard to spend personal time with the patient prior to this happening. The author felt guilty, as it seemed that the CT scan should not shake up happened and that the undignified dowery skirt the patients termination need not pose occurred.Evaluation expression back on the events of scenario 1, it seems that there were both positive and negative feelings to the e xperience. During transfer to CT scan and the emergency situation which followed, the author felt that there was good teamwork amidst the different professionals collectd in the care of the patient. Because of this, proceed action was taken, preventing cardiac arrest.However, it seems that this situation may have been avoided, which in turn raises many questions relating to the care of the patient. Ethically, one must question how appropriate it was to scan a severely septic, unstable patient, especially when corrective treatments would have been unconnected in the event of an abnormality being discovered. Should the author have advocated the interests of the patient and family more forcefully? Was there a lack of communication and consensus between the critical care team? The events of this incident culminated in a clinical emergency situation which led to the patients death. Thus, the author feels that the patients clinical condition and the estimable issues and dilemmas sur rounding the patients care must be examined and discussed, in the hope that lessons can be learned through the reflective process.AnalysisSepsisMost unsoundness and death in patients in intensive care is caused by the consequences of sepsis and systemic inflammation. Indeed, sepsis affects 18 million people worldwide each year (Slade et al 2003), with severe sepsis remaining the highest cause of death in patients admitted to non-coronary intensive care units (Edbrooke et al 1999). Sepsis is a analyzable condition that results from an infectious process, and is the bodys response to transmission system. It involves systemic inflammatory and cellular events that result in altered circulation and coagulation, endothelial dysfunction, and impair tissue perfusion (Kleinpell 2004).Dellinger et al (2004) define sepsis as the systemic response to infection manifested by 2 or more of the pursuit blue or low temperature (38C or Heart rate 90 overcome per minuteRespiratory rate 20 brea ths per minute or PaCO2 High or low white derivation cell count ( 12,000 or In severe sepsis impaired tissue perfusion along with micro vascular coagulation can lead to multiple electric organ system dysfunction, which is a major cause of sepsis-related death rate (Robson Newell 2005). While all organs are prone to mischance in sepsis, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and renal dysfunction occur most comm tho (Hotchkiss Karl 2003). When multiple organ system dysfunction occurs, Dolan (2003) promotes evidence-based sepsis treatment whereby patients should puzzle targeted organ support. This includes mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, fluids, vasopressor or inotropic disposition, and product line crossroad brass, to maximize perfusion and oxygenation.In recent years new therapies have emerged which have been shown, in some cases, to increase the chance of survival from severe sepsis. Recombinant benignant activated protein C has been shown to have anti-inflammato ry, anti-thrombotic and pro-fibrinolytic properties (Dolan 2003). In a randomised controlled trial, Bernard et al (2001) found a significant reducing in the mortality of septic patients who had been treated with activated protein C. The National Institute for clinical excellence (2004) presently recommends this treatment for braggart(a) patients who have severe sepsis resulting in multiple organ failure, and who are being provided with optimal ICU support. Steroids, the use of which in ICU has long been debated, have also been shown, in low doses, to reduce the encounter of death in some patients in septic shock (Annane 2000).Despite the development of specific treatments to interrupt or control the inflammatory and procoagulant process associated with sepsis, its management remains a major challenge in health care (Kleinpell 2004). The patient in scenario 1 was clearly in a verbalise of severe sepsis, with respiratory, cardiac and renal failure, and receiving some of the suppo rtive treatments mentioned above. Indeed it seems that the unfeelingness of this condition should not have been underestimated. In view of this, the estimable issues surrounding the decision to take this patient to CT scan must this instant be considered.Ethical Dilemmas and ConsensusEthical issues have emerged in recent years as a major component of health care for critically ill patients (Friedman 2001). Thus, lovingness for these patients in an intensive care setting necessitates that difficult ethical problems must be faced and resolved (Fisher 2004). Traditionally, much of the books in biomedical ethics comes from theoretical perspectives that include principled ethics, pity ethics and virtue ethics (Bunch 2002). Although these perspectives provide an ethical awareness, which can be helpful, they do not of necessity give much direction for clinical practice. Melia (2001) supports this notion, suggesting that many discussions of ethical issues in health care are presented from a moral philosophic viewpoint, which as a consequence leaves out the clinical and social context in which decisions are taken and carried through.Beauchamp Childress (1994) identify 5 principles pertinent to decision making in intensive care. These are salvageability, life preservation, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Ethical dilemmas occur when two or more of the above principles come into strife. The principles of beneficence (doing good), non-maleficence (doing no harm) and justice (fair treatment) are well establish within the field of bioethics. Within a critical care context however, the dilemma between salvageability and life preservation becomes an important focus for health care professionals. Indeed, Prien new wave Aken (1999) raise the question of whether all medical operator to preserve life have to be employed under all circumstances, or are there situations in which we should not do everything that it is attainable to do. This question becomes particularly relevant when a patients condition does not improve but quite an deteriorates progressively. Curtin (2005) suggests that at some point in the black market of treatment, the line between treating a curable disease and protracting an unpreventable death can be crossed. In such incidences Prien Van Aken (1999) identify a transitional zone between the attempt to treat the patient, and the prolongation of dying, in which a contravene between the principles of life preservation and non-maleficence develops.These concepts seem particularly relevant to scenario 1 where the interests of the patient may have been neglected in favour of further attempts to treat the patients condition. This, in turn created a conflict between the principles of salvageability and life preservation. The decision to perform a CT scan on a patient with such cardiovascular instability and a very poor prognosis, meant that the patient was subjected to dangers and harms when there were few, if any b enefits to justify this. Hence, the conflict between the ethical principles was not resolved, and the professional duty of non-maleficence toward the patient was not respected.Such conflicts and dilemmas in intensive care can be made all the harder by the availability of advanced technologies. Callahan (2003) writes that one of the most attractive powers of medical technology is to confuse the use of technology with a respect for the sanctity of life. In addition, Fisher (2004) contends that it has become all too casual to think that if one respects the value of life, and technology has the power to pass along life, then a failure to use it is a failure to respect that value. This is particularly true of diagnostic technologies (such as CT scanning) which must be used with caution, especially in cases where the diagnostic information will make little or no difference to the treatment of the patient, but can create or heighten anxiety and discomfort for the patient (Callahan 2003) . checkup technology is a two-edged sword, capable of saving and improving life but also of ending and harming life (Curtin 2005). Good critical care care for carries the responsibility of preserving life, on the one hand, and making possible a peace-loving death, on the other. Callahan (2003) concludes by warning that any automatic bias in favour of apply technology will threaten that latter possibility.Consensus between members of the intensive care team is also highlighted as an important issue in ethical decision making. Effective communication and collaboration among medical and nursing staff are essential for high quality health care (Woodrow 2000). Collaboration can be seen as working together, communion responsibility for solving problems, and making decisions to formulate and execute plans for patient care (Gedney 2000 p.41). In intensive care units where ethical problems are faced frequently, care has to be a team effort (Fisher 2004).In a soft study, Melia (2001) fo und that there was a strong desire within the intensive care team that ethical and moral consensus should be achieved in the interests of good patient care, even though it was recognize that there is no legal requirement for nurses to agree with ICU decisions. Cobaoglu Algier (2004) however, found that the same ethical dilemma was perceived differently by medics and nurses with the differences being related to the hospitals class-conscious structure and the traditional pellucidions between the two professions. Similarly, it has been observed that differences between doctors and nurses in ethical dilemmas were a function of the professional role played by each, rather than differences in ethical reasoning or moral motivation (Oberle Hughes 2001).It seems therefore that while the medical and nursing professions share the same aims for patient answers, the ideas surrounding how these results should be achieved may differ (Fisher 2004). These differences have contributed to the development of the concept of the nurse as patient advocate, which sees advocacy as a ingrained and integral role in the caring relationship, and not simply as a single component of care (Snowball 1996). The role of the nurse advocate should be that of mediator and facilitator, negotiating between the different health and illness perspectives of patient, doctor, and other health care professionals on the patients behalf (Mallik 1998).Empirical evidence is sparse and philosophical arguments seem to predominate in the field of patient advocacy. There is some evidence to suggest that nurse advocacy has had beneficial outcomes for the patient and family in critical care areas (Washington 2001). Hewitt (2002) however found that humanistic arguments that promote advocacy as a moral imperative are compelling. Benner (1984) writes of advocacy within the context of being with a patient in such a way that acknowledges your shared humanity, which is the base of nursing as a caring practice (Benner 1984, p. 28). It has been argued that advocacy, at least in a philosophical sense, is the animal foot of nursing itself and as such should be regarded as an issue of enormous importance by all practitioners (Snowball 1996).ConclusionIt can be think that sepsis in a critical care environment is a hard condition with a high mortality rate, requiring highly specialised treatments. As such, the ethical issues and dilemmas faced by health care staff caring for a septic patient can be both complex and far reaching. It must be noted, that there can be no general solutions for such ethical conflicts each clinical case must be evaluated individually with all its associated circumstances.A study of ethical principles would suggest that it is important that the benefits of a specific treatment or procedure are established prior to implementation, and that these benefits outweigh any potential harms or risks to the patient. The ultimate decision maker in the scenario under discussio n was the consultant anaesthetist, who should have provided a clearer rationale for performing a CT scan on such an unstable patient. As the nurse caring for the patient, the author recognises that the last(a) decision regarding treatment rested with the anaesthetist. However, the author could have challenged the anaesthetists decision further, advocating the patients interests, with the aim of reaching a moral consensus within the team. Perhaps then the outcome would have been more favourable for all concerned.Action PlanBy reflecting on this scenario, the author has gained an understanding of sepsis and the potential ethical problems which may be encountered when caring for a septic or critically ill patient. As a result, the author feels more confident to challenge those decisions made relating to treatment, which do not seem to be in the best interest of the patient, or which have the potential to cause more harm than good. The author now has a greater understanding of the prof essional responsibility to advocate on a patients behalf, with the aim of safeguarding against possible dangers. It is hoped that this will result in better outcomes for patients in the authors care.Scenario 2DescriptionThis incident occurred in a surgical intensive care unit while the author was looking afterwards a ventilated patient who had undergone a laparotomy and right sided hemi-colectomy 2 days previously. Around 10.30am the patient was reviewed by medical staff and was found to be awake and alert with good arterial blood gases, and requiring minimal ventilatory support. In view of this, it was decided that the patients support should be reduced further, and providing this reduction was tolerated, that the patient should be extubated later in the morning.In the intensive care unit in which the author works an intensive insulin infusion protocol is used (see Appendix A). This is a research based protocol which aims to renormalize blood glucose directs and thus improve cl inical outcomes for critically ill patients. each patients on this protocol require either to be absorbing intestinal feed at 30ml/hr, on TPN or on 5% dextrose at 100ml/hr (Appendix A, note 2). The patient involved in this incident was receiving enteral feed via a naso-gastric tube, and was on an insulin infusion which was rail at 4 U/hr. When it was decided that the patient was to be extubated, the author forbearped the enteral feed as a precaution, to prevent possible aspiration during or after extubation. The author however did not stop the insulin infusion which breached the protocol guidelines.About 12 noon the patients blood gases showed that the reduction in support had been tolerated, and so the patient was extubated. Shortly after this the author was asked to go for lunch break and so passed on to a gent that the patient had recently been extubated but was managing well on face cover oxygen. Returning from lunch 45 minutes later, the author found the patient to be di sorientated and slightly confused. With good oxygen saturations, the author doubted that the confusion had resulted from hypoxia or worsening blood gases. The author then realised that the insulin infusion had not been stopped with the enteral feed earlier. A check of the patients blood glucose level showed that it was 1.2mmol/L. The author immediately stopped the insulin infusion, administered 20mls of 50% dextrose intravenously, as per protocol, and recommenced the enteral feed. Twenty minutes later, the patients blood glucose level had risen to 3.7mmol/L. The patient continue on the insulin protocol maintaining blood glucose levels within an adequate range. There were no lasting adverse effects resulting from the hypoglycaemic episode.FeelingsWhen it was realised that the insulin infusion had not been stopped, the author felt a sense of panic, anticipating correctly that the patients blood glucose level would be dangerously low. Thoughts then became concentrated on raising the bl ood glucose level, to ensure that no further harm would come to the patient as a result of the authors mistake.Following the incident, when the patients glucose levels had risen, feelings of guilt were prominent. At this point the author realised how much worse the outcome could have been for the patient. The author felt incompetent, knowing that the patient could have been much more severely affected, or could even have died as the result of such a simplistic mistake.EvaluationThe events of scenario 2 highlight the fact that clinical errors, while substantially made, can have potentially disastrous consequences. This is especially true of those errors which involve the administration of drugs intravenously. In the interest of patient safety, it is important that all such errors are avoided.The clinical error outlined above could easily have been avoided. It seems that there was not sufficient awareness, on the authors part, of the insulin infusion protocol and the guidelines conc erning the administration of insulin. As a result, the insulin protocol was not adhered to. The chase analysis therefore will focus on the importance of insulin therapy in critical care areas, and will consider the safety issues surrounding intravenous drug administration.AnalysisBlood Glucose Control in Intensive CareIt is well enter that critically ill patients who require prolonged intensive care treatment are at high risk of multiple organ failure and death (Diringer 2005). Extensive research over the last decade has cerebrate on strategies to prevent or reverse multiple organ failure, only a few of which have revealed positive results. One of these strategies is tight blood glucose control with insulin (Khoury et al 2004). It is well known that any type of slap-up illness or injury results in insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hyperglycaemia, a constellation which has been termed the diabetes of stress (McCowen et al 2001). In critically ill patients, the severity of this condition has been shown to reflect the risk of death (Laird et al 2004).Much has been learned recently about the negative prognostic effects of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Hyperglycaemia adversely affects fluid balance, predisposition to infection, morbidity following acute cardiovascular events, and can increase the risk of renal failure, neuropathy and mortality in ICU patients (DiNardo et al 2004).Research suggests that there are distinct benefits of insulin therapy in improving clinical outcomes. Such benefits have been seen in patients following acute myocardial infarction, and in the healing of sternal wounds in patients who have had cardiac surgery (Malmberg 1997 Furnary et al 1999). More recently Van den Berghe et al (2001) conducted a large, randomized, controlled study involving adults admitted to a surgical intensive care unit who were receiving mechanical ventilation. The study demonstrated that normalisation of blood glucose levels using an inten sive insulin infusion protocol alter clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. In particular, intensive insulin therapy was shown to reduce ICU mortality by 42%, and significantly reduce the incidences of septicaemia, acute renal failure, prolonged ventilatory support, and critical illness polyneuropathy. The length of stay in intensive care was also significantly shorter for patients on the protocol.It is unclear as to why amend glycaemic control has been associated with improved outcomes in several(prenominal) clinical settings. Coursin and Murray (2003) have summarized several leading hypotheses including maintenance of macrophage and neutrophil function, enhancement of erythropoiesis, and the direct anabolic effect of insulin on respiratory muscles. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of insulin have also been evaluated (Das 2001). There is also uncertainty over whether it is the actual insulin dose stock per se, or the degree of normoglycaemia achieved that is respons ible for the beneficial effects of intensive glycaemic management. Van den Berghe (2003) analysed the data derived from their 2001 study and have concluded that the degree of glycaemic control, rather the quantity of insulin administered was associated with the decrease in mortality and organ system dysfunction.In a follow up to Van den Berghe et als 2001 study, Langouche et al (2005) found that a significant part of the improved patient outcomes were explained by the effects of intensive insulin on vascular endothelium. The vascular endothelium controls vasomotor intuitive feeling and micro-vascular flow, and regulates trafficking of nutrients and several biologically active molecules (Aird 2003). Langouche et al (2005) conclude that maintaining normoglycaemia with intensive insulin therapy during critical illness protects the vascular endothelium and thereby contributes to the prevention of organ failure and death. whatever the reasons for improved patient outcomes, the study by Van den Burghe et al (2001) has prompted much research in this field, all of which has yielded similar results. In a similar study, Krinsley (2004) found that the use of an insulin protocol resulted in significantly improved glycaemic control and was associated with decreased mortality, organ dysfunction, and length of stay in the ICU in a heterogeneous population of critically ill adult patients. Thus it seems that with the strength of the emerging data in support of a more intensive approach to glycaemic management, insulin infusions are being utilised with increasing frequency, and are considered by many to be the standard of care for critically ill patients (DiNardo et al 2004).It is important to note that a well recognised risk of intensive glucose management is hypoglycaemia. Indeed Goldberg et al (2004) emphasise that in the ICU setting where patients often cannot report or respond to symptoms, the potential for hypoglycaemia is of particular concern. The events of scenario 2 highlight the authors error in the administration of insulin resulting in hypoglycaemia. For this reason some issues surrounding intravenous drug therapy will now be discussed.Intravenous Drug TherapyThere is an increasing information that medication errors are causing a substantial global universe health problem. Many of these errors result in harm to patients and increased be to health providers (Wheeler Wheeler 2005). In the intensive care unit, patients commonly pay back multiple drug therapies that are prescribed either for prophylactic indications or for treatment of established disease (Dougherty 2002). Practitioners caring for these patients find themselves in the challenge position of having to monitor these therapies, with the goal of maximizing a beneficial sanative response, as well as minimizing the occurrence of any adverse drug-related outcome (Cuddy 2000).The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2004) identifies the preparation and administration of medicines as an important aspect of professional practice, stressing that it is not merely a mechanistic task performed in strict compliance with a written prescription, but rather a task that requires thought and professional judgement. Heatlie (2003) found that the introduction of new insulin protocols and regimes could g

Functional areas of a business

Functional areas of a businessOutcome 1Avril Montgomery1) Open SystemAn blossom go forth systems approach is a business approach that emphasizes commercially encourageed practices, products, specifications and standards. Motorola is an bluff system. Using this approach assists their long term success. They are able to conjure up an appropriate output as they know the importance of gaining input from their surroundings. As a global leader in a wide look-alike of technologies, the most important aim of Motorola is to maintain their position. Motorola is knowledgeable to the fact that engineering science develops rapidly and in order to access these technologies customers will require the latest modern products. They aim to distinguish themselves from their competitors by creating cutting edge conventions that escort the expectations of the customers. The launch of the worldwide marketing campaign Mobile Me which includes innovative design and wireless features has set them a part from their competitors. Their range of Bluetooth wireless devices enhances the mobile understand for customers. Motorola is aware of the effect mobile phones and other electronic products keep back on the milieu. They apply technical skills to decrease negative effects to the environment at each stage of the product life cycle. One of their goals with regard to the environment is to produce products which contain minimal amounts of poisonous chemicals or to cut them out completely.2) StructureDuring the 1980s, payable to other mobile phone companies such as Nokia, Samsung and Sony creating strong competition, Motorola struggled to keep up. In order to reverse the slump in sales, top managers at Motorola decided to improve the quality. This change was needed due to global competitors and changing technology. The plan was to aim for zero defects in the production. Motorola implement a system called Six Sigma. Six Sigma is a business guidance strategy which attempts to ident ify and eliminate the causes of defects and mistakes in the manufacture and business process. The computer program was stretched out from operations to the other available areas sales and marketing, personnel and mankind resources.Reorganising into four business areas during 2005, allowed Motorola to improve their response to the needs of the customers and environmental changes that yield taken place. As 58% of the companys total sales were made up from mobile devices, Motorola views this as a significant contributor to their organisation.3) Organisational conceptsMotorolas mental synthesis is ground on their products, these are Connected home solutions Connected home solutions political science and enterprise mobility solutions Net createsMotorolas functional areas are Research and increment Sales and marketing Personnel and human resourcesFunctional areas were set up by Motorola to support the product areas. Marketing is a very important area as the views of customers can be obtained to determine what they want. It is essential for the marketing and the research and development areas to work together to meet the needs of the customers. Technology is always go which means that the research and development area must stay before to include these advances in their design. To adjust to environmental changes, it is necessary for all functional areas to work together.4) Advantages of Motorolas structure Continual development of knowledge in dealing with Motorolas complex products The structure allows Motorola to react quickly to environmental changes. This allows the company to oppose to technological change. This form of structure allows Motorola to be extremely client orientatedDisadvantages of Motorolas structure As the emphasis is the product, Motorola may have a caper of coordination They may be an apparent redundancy of effort and not lots cooperation between product areas Managers may focus on their line of work to the disadvantage of the compa ny as a whole.5) Internal stakeholderMotorolas business building block is managed by Ronald Garriques. He is responsible for the mobile devices business unit and has the chest of drawers to guide the business unit for defining the strategy for mobile devices. He must guide the mobile device business to succeed other he will be responsible for any failure and have to accept that responsibility. He has authority in the organisations formal structure. In footing of the informal structure of the organisation however, his authority is limited as this is unremarkably governed by a radical of individuals. His power could be undermined by the group of individuals, which could perhaps be detrimental to the business.External stakeholderGreenpeace is a worldwide electioneering organisation that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and conserve the environment. As an external stakeholder in Motorola they could have a big effect on the formal structure of Motorola. Although G reenpeace have no power in the formal organisation, they have influenced Motorolas behaviour in terms of the environment as Motorola have a constitution and commitment regarding this issue. They can exert some degree of authority, by persuading Motorola to develop their staff on environmental issues and getting them to have an environmental policy. done education programmes, they have the power to influence groups of individuals, making them aware of the ruinous effects that the substances in mobile devices has on the environment.

Biography of Dorothy Johnson Vaughan

Biography of Dorothy Johnson VaughanAbstractThis research paper explores the purport and journey of how Dorothy Johnson Vaughan became a female black mathematician who worked for the National Advisory deputation for Aeronautics(NACA) in 1940-1970. A woman who excelled at the facility in many an separate(prenominal) ways despite the fact that she was an African-American and a woman in the era of separationism between race and gender. Her excellence along with other African-Americans such as Mary Jackson and Katherine Johnson are the reason for the achievements in the Space Race and bringing confidence back to Americas space program. She along with these two women are subject in the 2016 fool away Hidden Figures.Dorothy Johnson Vaughan was a mathematics teacher in the primordial 1940s. As an African-American and a woman, this was a significant role in American history considering twain parts were put down in this era. She was the first of her kind to be promoted as a supervisor in NACAs (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) program, which is nowadays c all(prenominal)ed NASA. She became one of the most memorable figures along with other female African-American mathematicians who are the subject to a 2016 film Hidden Figures.On folk 20,1910, Dorothy was born in Kansas City, Missouri however, she also was raised in Morgantown, atomic number 74 Virginia. Her parents were Leonard and Anne Johnson. In 1925, she graduated from Beechurst High school and went straight to Wilberforce University in Ohio where she reliable a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics. After college, she was legitimate a position as a math teacher at Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia. In 1932, she married Howard Vaughan whom she had six children with. Their call areAnn, Maida, Leonard, Kenneth, Michael and Donald (Biography).This was her life for eleven season until she and her family moved to Newport News, Virginia to be employed as a mathematician at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. This was placed at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory in Hampton, Virginia where she thought would be scarcely a temporary position. She was assigned to a segregated group that consisted of all African-Americans, called West Area Computers (Shetterly). This is where she also met Mary Jackson and Katherine Johnson (the other subjects to the film Hidden Figures). She underwent working beneath the conditions of segregation with these women and many other African-Americans.Dorothy was appointed acting supervisor of the program in 1949, after the death of her coach and thus become the first African American woman to be promoted in the agency. It took two years for her to achieve permanent status in that position. After NACA became NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) in 1958, she continued her work there. NASA, at the time, worked as a part in ending racial segregation at the facility. She also had to prepa re for the introduction of machine computers in the early 1960s by teaching herself and her staff the programming language of FORTRAN (Melfi).In the last decade of her employment with NASA, she worked with Mary and Katherine on the launch of astronaut John Glenn into orbit, which brought confidence back to Americas space program. She remained at NACA for twenty-eight years until such time as her retirement in 1971 at age 60. Dorothy died of natural causes at the age of ninety-eight on November 10, 2008, in her hometown of Hampton, Virginia (Biography).ReferencesBiography.com Editiors. (2016, November 14). Dorothy Johnson Vaughan. Retrieved fromhttp//www.biography.com/ large number/dorothy-johnson-vaughan-111416Melfi, T. (Director). (2016). Hidden Figures Motion picture. USA Fox 2000 Pictures, CherniEntertainment, Levantine Films,TSG Entertainment.Shetterly, M. L. (2016, December 1). Dorothy Vaughan Biography NASA. Retrieved fromhttps//www.nasa.gov/ limit/dorothy-vaughan-biography

Tragedy in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay -- A Streetcar Named Desire E

A tragedy is a genre of a bleed, a melodic line of dramatic event that portrays the suffering of a poor boyic individualist who is often overcome by the precise obstacles he is struggling to remove. A tragedy excites terror or pity. Each tragedy can be considered a tragedy beca phthisis it involves a sad ending to the play as a whole and a sad hero. However, there are 3 main different cases of tragedies. Firstly, in Hellenic tragedies, everything is deterministic. For example in the bosh of Oedipus (where he kills his father and marries his mother), requirement is said to be responsible for every(prenominal) the events. This type of tragedy is very entertaining to watch because the protagonist is otiose of changing and knowing the events. Hellenic tragedies are interesting because they followed the Three Unities harmony of time, unity of place, and unity of action. Greek tragedies normally took place in a single day, happened at a single location, and had one plot business without any subplots. Greeks used to use this because tension could be built up easily.A nonher different type of tragedy is the Shakespearian type, where in superior general people are colossal and rise to a greater position. The hero has a fatal speck in his/her character that makes him/her act in a route that in the end leads to his/her downfall (like in Macbeth where his fatal fracture is his excessive obsession with opposition and power). Another example of a Shakespearean tragedy is Romeo and Juliet because their fatal taint was excessive passion for each other. Shakespeare did not follow any of the triad unities because he felt that it was easier to facilitate the plot.Finally, another(prenominal) type of tragedy is a modern version of the Shakespearean type. Where individual not great is fructify into a situation where they are force to t... ... a tragedy of Stanleys incomprehension of Blanches needs. However there were umteen criticisms concerning t his statement of this play be a tragedy. There are many a(prenominal) factors that contributed to Blanches downfall and she seems to live, the requirements for cosmos a tragic heroine, perfectly. One may think that Blanche Dubois does not fit into the category as a tragic heroine, not because she is not tragic ample, but because she is not sympathetic enough to a heroine.By makeup A trolley car Named Desire, Williams seems to be contend with different styles of tragedies. The set of the play is in one place (the flat tire and its street), so in this way one can consider it as a Greek tragedy. It likewise seems clear that Williams created an American tragedy with Shakespearean drama in mind. Williams state that creating a new, modern tragic form of a play was problematical. Tragedy in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay -- A Streetcar Named Desire EA tragedy is a genre of a play, a form of drama that portrays the suffering of a heroic individual who is often o vercome by the very obstacles he is struggling to remove. A tragedy excites terror or pity. Each tragedy can be considered a tragedy because it involves a tragic ending to the play as a whole and a tragic hero. However, there are three main different types of tragedies. Firstly, in Greek tragedies, everything is deterministic. For example in the story of Oedipus (where he kills his father and marries his mother), fate is said to be responsible for all the events. This type of tragedy is very entertaining to watch because the protagonist is unable of changing and knowing the events. Greek tragedies are interesting because they followed the Three Unities unity of time, unity of place, and unity of action. Greek tragedies normally took place in a single day, happened at a single location, and had one plot line without any subplots. Greeks used to use this because tension could be built up easily.Another different type of tragedy is the Shakespearean type, where in general people are great and rise to a greater position. The hero has a fatal flaw in his/her character that makes him/her act in a way that eventually leads to his/her downfall (like in Macbeth where his fatal flaw is his excessive obsession with ambition and power). Another example of a Shakespearean tragedy is Romeo and Juliet because their fatal flaw was excessive passion for each other. Shakespeare did not follow any of the three unities because he felt that it was easier to facilitate the plot.Finally, another type of tragedy is a modern version of the Shakespearean type. Where someone not great is put into a situation where they are forced to t... ... a tragedy of Stanleys incomprehension of Blanches needs. However there were many criticisms concerning this statement of this play being a tragedy. There are many factors that contributed to Blanches downfall and she seems to fit, the requirements for being a tragic heroine, perfectly. One may think that Blanche Dubois does not fit into the cate gory as a tragic heroine, not because she is not tragic enough, but because she is not sympathetic enough to a heroine.By writing A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams seems to be playing with different styles of tragedies. The set of the play is in one place (the apartment and its street), so in this way one can consider it as a Greek tragedy. It also seems clear that Williams created an American tragedy with Shakespearean drama in mind. Williams stated that creating a new, modern tragic form of a play was difficult.

An Analysis of Political Elitism Essay -- Elitism Democracy Sociology

An abbreviation of Political ElitismIt is light-headed to believe that the middle-class working individual, whether he or she be white collar or blue collar, wields little policy-making power except for during an election. It is in like manner easy to think that we dont contribute true democracy policy-making representation elected by the people, for the people, and controlled by these people. This is an ideology that is often skeletal out. Instead, these elected representatives are controlled by policy-making lites high-ranking political gladiators, the media, lobbyists, and, though it may not wait evident, big business. It is, in essence, comm whole believed by most. Some reasons why political lites at times dominate regimen and who these groups are will be examined in this essay. Also, there will be an analysis of those who were political lites in Canada over the past centuries. Also, some bare-ass discoveries may be sullen up that help us take hold a better corresp ondence of this elitism. Finally, we will discuss if interest groups and minorities have real political power, or perhaps they are just habituated token compensation. Hopefully, by the balance of this essay, there will be a better understanding of who rightfully has political power in Canada.though this paper is an analysis of elitism, we essential also dissect the concept of democracy. unneeded to say, without democracy in a political system, elitism would not exist. Democracy was a concept developed by the Greeks and the Romans during the classical period. It comes from the Greek word demos, which manner the people and kratien, which means to reign. In essence, democracy is a states people retrieve themselves through elected representatives. contract and Wagnalls cyclopaedia reminds us of an important signalise though. Though the words democracy and commonwealth are habitd together universally, they are definitely not the said(prenominal) thing. For instance, Canad a is defined as a constitutional monarchy. It is not a republic, yet, we use a democratic system. another(prenominal) is china, whos official title is The ample deals Republic of China yet, China is far from democratic. Furthermore, democracy is seen as ambiguous. Democracy is not only a concept on which our great nation is based, but it is also a source for which government stooge use its authority, and it is also a process. This is where elitism is spawned. Elitism can be seen, from a authoritative point of view, as ... ...oronto secern Porter Books Ltd., 1994.Dunn, Christopher. Canadian Political Debates. world-class ed Toronto McClelland & Stewart Inc., 1995.Filemyr, Anne. Conflict and Mainstream Reporting. Canadian Business and Canadian Affairs. 28.3 (August, 1996) 97-101.Francis, Diane. Controlling worry Who Owns Canada? 2nd ed. Toronto Scorpio Publishing Ltd., 1986.Funk & Wagnalls. Democracy Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. quaternary ed. New York Funk & Wagnalls, I nc., 1983.Guy, pile John. How we are Governed The Basics of Canadian government and Government. 1st ed. Toronto Harcourt Brace & participation Canada, Ltd, 1995.Jackson, Robert J. Jackson, Doreen. Politics in Canada. 4th ed. Scarborough, Ontario Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 1998. earn to the CBC ombudsman from the Prime take cares Office. Dated October 16, 1998. (www.tv.cbc.ca/cgi-bin/extlnk.cgi?/national/pgminfo/apec/pmo2.html)Penguin Books. The Penguin vocabulary of Sociology. 2nd ed. London Penguin Books Ltd., 1994. van Loon, Richard J. Whittington, Michael S. The Canadian Political System Environment, coordinate and Process. 3rd rd. Toronto McGraw-Hill Ryerson Publishing Ltd., 1981. An Analysis of Political Elitism Essay -- Elitism Democracy Sociology An Analysis of Political ElitismIt is easy to believe that the middle-class working individual, whether he or she be white collar or blue collar, wields little political power except for during an election. It is also easy to think that we dont have true democracy political representation elected by the people, for the people, and controlled by these people. This is an ideology that is often worn out. Instead, these elected representatives are controlled by political lites high-ranking political gladiators, the media, lobbyists, and, though it may not seem evident, big business. It is, in essence, commonly believed by most. Some reasons why political lites at times dominate government and who these groups are will be examined in this essay. Also, there will be an analysis of those who were political lites in Canada over the past centuries. Also, some new discoveries may be turned up that help us have a better understanding of this elitism. Finally, we will discuss if interest groups and minorities have real political power, or perhaps they are just given token compensation. Hopefully, by the end of this essay, there will be a better understanding of who really has political power in Canad a.Though this paper is an analysis of elitism, we must also dissect the concept of democracy. Needless to say, without democracy in a political system, elitism would not exist. Democracy was a concept developed by the Greeks and the Romans during the classical period. It comes from the Greek word demos, which means the people and kratien, which means to rule. In essence, democracy is a nations people rule themselves through elected representatives. Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia reminds us of an important point though. Though the words democracy and republic are used together universally, they are definitely not the same thing. For instance, Canada is defined as a constitutional monarchy. It is not a republic, yet, we use a democratic system. Another is China, whos official title is The Peoples Republic of China yet, China is far from democratic. Furthermore, democracy is seen as ambiguous. Democracy is not only a concept on which our great nation is based, but it is also a source f or which government can use its authority, and it is also a process. This is where elitism is spawned. Elitism can be seen, from a certain point of view, as ... ...oronto Key Porter Books Ltd., 1994.Dunn, Christopher. Canadian Political Debates. 1st ed Toronto McClelland & Stewart Inc., 1995.Filemyr, Anne. Conflict and Mainstream Reporting. Canadian Business and Canadian Affairs. 28.3 (August, 1996) 97-101.Francis, Diane. Controlling Interest Who Owns Canada? 2nd ed. Toronto Scorpio Publishing Ltd., 1986.Funk & Wagnalls. Democracy Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. 4th ed. New York Funk & Wagnalls, Inc., 1983.Guy, James John. How we are Governed The Basics of Canadian Politics and Government. 1st ed. Toronto Harcourt Brace & Company Canada, Ltd, 1995.Jackson, Robert J. Jackson, Doreen. Politics in Canada. 4th ed. Scarborough, Ontario Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 1998.Letter to the CBC ombudsman from the Prime Ministers Office. Dated October 16, 1998. (www.tv.cbc.ca/cgi-bin/extlnk.cgi? /national/pgminfo/apec/pmo2.html)Penguin Books. The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology. 2nd ed. London Penguin Books Ltd., 1994.Van Loon, Richard J. Whittington, Michael S. The Canadian Political System Environment, Structure and Process. 3rd rd. Toronto McGraw-Hill Ryerson Publishing Ltd., 1981.

Essay --

Who Am I? A look inside Holden, Seymour, and Salinger from trey acclaimed works.After demesne War II J.D. Salinger joined the ranks of the exceptionally adept authors that came about later the heinous second world war. Salinger, fueled by his bangs from the war, addressed legion(predicate) concerns and issues, most of which are timeless. Due to some(prenominal) of his astounding pieces, and his fresh lookout on society, is considered a phenomenal, classic, American author. One that is responsible for many renowned, approach path of age novels, as well as a number of excruciating critiques of the society that has been cultured. The Catcher in the rye and, A unblemished sidereal day for Bananafish are two of his most acclaimed works, both wrestling with the concept concerning the preservation of innocence, a main talking point of Salinger. This is visible through many similarities between the two works. In The Catcher in the Rye, A better Day for Bananafish, and, J.D. Sa linger A Life the characters share common inherent conflicts regarding the mint that they have become, this central conflict aids in conveying Salingers overcome claim that when faced with great ordeals, any figurative wounds attained, affect a person in every aspect of life. In The Catcher in The Rye Holden wrestles with the concept of the person that he has turned into. The colossal summation of struggles he has faced, and the lacerations he has gained have remained by his side, altering his everyday, mundane actions. Holden remarks on the painful transition between childhood and adulthood when he is in the Natural History Museum, he says that the, best thing, though, in that museum was that everything al focuss stayed correctly where it was.... Nobodys be different. The only thing that would be ... ...today. Salinger gained many mental and visible wounds during his time in the army, both moved(p) his views on innocence and affected him as a person. Both The Catcher in t he Rye, A Perfect Day for Bananafish, and J.D. Salinger A Life have similar views on innocence, however, the way in which the protagonists experienced their realization on the topic was utterly different. In The Catcher in the Rye and, A Perfect Day for BananaFish as well as J.D. Salinger A Life, Holden, seymour, and Salinger both find themselves with similar internal conflicts regarding the people they have become, in relation to their innocence. The self exploration the three underwent was due to the accumulation of anguish and grief. both The Catcher in the Rye and, A Perfect Day for Bananafish share similar insights, because of Salingers similar themes and his experience in the war.

Student Critique of The Jungle By Upton Sinclair :: Upton Sinclair

The book The Jungle was introduced as a novel by Upton Sinclair was financed and produce with his own m whizzy. Upton Sinclair was a famous novelist and social crusader from California. He was born(p) on 20 September 1878 in Baltimore Md. He was the only youngster of Priscilla Harden and Upton Beall Sinclair. Upton Sinclairs childhood was lived in poverty, one where his father was an alcoholic, his dividing line as an alcohol salesman most likely contributed to his disease. And although his own family was extremely poor, he spent periods of time living with his wealthy grandparents. By living from one end of the extreme to the other he argued that this is what turned him into a socialist.1His family move to raw York and at fourteen he enrolled in the City College of New York. He wrote dime novels and stories for magazines and newpapers to pay for his college tuition. It was in New York where he became a fan of the Socialists Partys politics. Later in conduct Upton Sinclair wou ld numeration for the Governor of California where he would get 37% of the vote, and if it were not for his truthfulness at expressing his views Upton Sinclair would have won his bid for Governor. During the later course of his life he went on to write more muckraking novels. The Jungle was his forward-looking novel, it was told as a fictional story of Jurgis Rudkus, a Lithuanian immigrant works in Packingtown.Jurgis sees his American dream of a decent life conclude into nightmare as his job hauling steer carcasses in the stockyards leaves him so physically drained that he was unable to support his family. This was not the life this immigrant expected when arrived in America. He loses his job when he beats up his boss, angry about finding out he had raped his wife, and then in a sense held her hostage as his mistress erudite that Jurgis wife is doing this to for the sake of her family. This character then loses the wife to disease and his countersign to drowning.Through this story telling Upton Sinclair had hoped the book would ignite a right on socialist movement on behalf of Americas workers. The publics attention was directed instead to his few than a dozen pages of supposed descriptions of unsanitary conditions in the meat packing plants. The Jungle hit upon more than his hatred of the meat packing industry.

Biography of Kurt Vonnegut Essay -- essays research papers

Kurt Vonnegut Jr. was born to third-generation German American parents in the metropolis of Indianapolis, year 1922, November 11th. While at Shortridge High School in Indianapolis, Vonnegut was to a great extent involved with the give instructions day-after-day newspaper, the first and only daily high school newspaper in our nation. During his time at Cornell University, Vonnegut became the school papers senior editor. World War II past began, and so Vonnegut joined our nations armed forces. Mothers Day came in 1944, and during this time while Vonnegut was home on leave, his bewilder committed suicide. Later on while in the army, Vonnegut was sent to atomic number 63 where he was captured and made into a POW by Germans. He witnessed the 1945 onslaught of Dresden, which was later(prenominal) said to assimilate killed more civilians than the bombing of Hiroshima. After the war Vonnegut studied anthropology at the University of Chicago and married his childhood sweetheart, Jane Marie Cox. In 1958, Vonneguts sister died of cancer, which was seemingly timely with her husbands death-by-train-crash only hours earlier. Vonnegut adopt three of his sisters four children, adding to his three biological peerlesss at the time. Vonnegut is given a total of seven. In 1965 Vonnegut was the teacher of the University of Iowas writers Workshop, and had separated himself from his family in order to support them. This may have contri moreovered to him and his wifes estrangement in 1970. Nine years later they made their divorce official to the state. Vonnegut promptly afterward married lensman Jill Krementz. In 1982, the new couple adopted a young daughter, bringing Kurt Vonneguts sum of children to an impressive seven. Although Kurt Vonnegut has always been a readers favorite, his works did not become cr... ...ldly, level. The central conflict of Any commonsensical passing play is instead one that focuses itself upon one man. Harrison Bergeron features a central and unequivocal antagonist, where after I finished reading Any Reasonable Offer I found the Peckhams to not be very antagonistic only if instead clever. Lastly, Harrison Bergeron can be seen as speaking bulge against a totalitarian civilization. Any Reasonable Offer does not speak out against any types of dangerous government control. It is instead an interesting sequence of events from one mans life.It may have taken him twenty years, but Vonnegut was finally able to make his name known to the world of literature. nowadays he is regarded as one of the most important writers of the 20th century. His course goes to show that becoming an accomplished author isnt always motiveless or immediate, few authors are able to quickly jump to the top.

Structure and Characterization in Sense and Sensibility Essays -- Aust

Structure and Characterization in Sense and SensibilityFiction was not considered an important part of literary productions in the early nineteenth century when Jane Austen published her novels. Fiction was presumed to be immoral and even dangerous since it over-excited the imagination (Halperin 5). Many religious denominations instituted anti- legend campaigns to protect young people from the corrupting influence of the novels. It was not until the heart and soul of the nineteenth century that this attitude regarding fiction began to change. Due to this bias as well as the anonymity that Jane Austen sought by not displace her own name on her novels, there were very few overcritical reviews made of her work until the mid-1800s. Many early reviewers of Austens work were uncomplimentary. Among them were writers considered to be literary greats, such as Wordsworth and Mark Twain. Though Wordsworth conceded that Austens novels were an admirable copy of life, he remained adamant in h is dislike for that type of literature. Mark Twain compared Austen to a Puritan as her novels made him feel like a bar-keeper debut the Kingdom of Heaven (Halperin). Gradually critics have come to recognize Austens literary talents. Austens baron to make her characters speak and act as . . . in every day life has caused some critics to refer to her as the greatest artificer that has ever written (Halperin 18). Her attention to detail can be compared to a conscientious seamstress who stitches her seams neat and leaves no ragged edges (Hardy 21). In her novels, she shows her ability to overcome the gap between the author and her reader which enables the reader to check understand the characters and their conduct. Sense and Sensibility was Austen... ...Austens Fiction. Chicago U of Chicago P, 1980. Mudrick, Marvin. Jane Austen banter as Defense and Discovery. Berkeley U of California P. 1968. Nardin, Jane. Those Elegant Decorums The Concept of properness in Jane Austens Novels. Albany State U of new-made York P, 1973. Odmark, John. An Understanding of Jane Austens Novels Character, cheer and Ironic Perspective. Totowa Barnes and Noble, 1981. Scott, P.J.M. Jane Austen A Reassessment. London Vision Totowa Barnes and Noble, 1982. Wiesenforth, Joseph. The Errand of Form An Essay of Jane Austens Art. New York Fordham UP, 1967. Wright, Andrew H. Jane Austens Novels A Study in Structure. 2nd ed. London Chatto, 1964. Zimmerman, Everett. Admiring Pope No More Than is Proper. Jane Austen Bicentenary Essays. Ed. John Halperin. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1975. 112-123.

Case Management Essay -- BUsiness, Insurance Companies, Clients

The focus of this paper is shimmy vigilance. shell circumspection has evolved into a diverse profession which includes galore(postnominal) disciplines and is exercised in many settings. Case heed involves the process of coordinating multiple dishs on behalf of invitees and has been exercise now for several(prenominal) decades. Many disciplines have engaged in display reason management and identify themselves as case managers. Case managers work with many populations and settings and play an important role in todays society. The pursuit analysis explores how case management developed, how it is defined, its components, and how it relates to other nursing c be voice communication models. All these aspects be reviewed with the purpose to show the importance of case management in the health care organization. Case ManagementCase management has become the standard method of managing health care delivery organizations today. In recent decades, case management has beco me widespread throughout healthcare areas, professionals, and models in the United States and has been extended to a wide range of clients (Park & Huber, 2009). heedless of the setting, case management ensures that care is oriented to the client, while controlling cost at the same time. Case management delivers quality care to patients in the most cost effective approach by managing human and temporal resources. Client advocacy is a strong underlying theme for every(prenominal) case management activities. Case managers share the same goals and standards of practice, but are multidisciplinary and have diverse academic educational backgrounds and work environments (Park & Huber, 2009). The need for case management and case managers continue to increase as new proceeds needs, and populations are recognized.... ...jured, chronically ill, and high cost cases (Jacob & Cherry, 2007).ConclusionOnly deep down recent decades case management has been introduced, but has been proven to be a significant segment of the healthcare workforce today. There have been several changes to case management over the last few decades, and the future for case management is very diverse. Case management offers many benefits to both the client and the health care organization. In addition, case management plays a rouge role in a clients road to recovery. around importantly, case managers have a vital role overseeing their clients transition from the hospital setting back into the community and ensuring all service needs are met. Moreover, the opportunities and need for case managers working with many populations and settings are great, and may ultimately lead to better health for individuals.

Fruits of Love Revealed in Gary Sotos Oranges Essay -- Gary Soto Oran

The Fruits of Love Revealed in Gary Sotos Oranges Imagine that its winter and cold outside. Theres neuronic electricity around you, and love is a new and exciting experience. In your heart you feel warmth youve never known before. This is the moment Gary Soto captures in his poem Oranges. The feeling and power of youthful love is created using tone, secernate imagery, and symbolism. First, the use of tone in Oranges clearly helps to set the theme of the poem. Children ofttimes talk with simple sentences that directly state what happened. The speakers choice of words and vulgar simplicity in the way he tells his story illustrates his youth and the verity that comes with it. Everything he says, such as The first time I walked with a girl, I was twelve, is straightforward and simple, much like childhood love. Children break away to have more pure and simple feelings for one another than adults because their lives ar simple and uncomplicated. The tone of the speaker helps the rea der comprehend those simple feelings of adolescent love. For his next technique, Gary So...

Society Versus the Individual in Gather Together in My Name :: Gather Together in My Name Essays

high society Versus the Individual in Gather Together in My appoint             I reassured myself. I was helping my man. And, after all, there was vigor wrong with devolve on. I had no need for shame. Society dictated that sex was only licensed by marriage documents. Well, I didnt agree with that. Society is a conglomerate of valet beings and thats just what I was. A human being. What we have here from Maya Angelous novel, Gather Together in My Name, is the basic difference of opinion of society against the individual. Who wins? Well, according to Angelou, the answer is no wizard wins because everyone loses. It is this particular base of operations that needs to be addressed the most for two reasons. One is that Maya Angelou is one of the first black females to write about the Ritas of the world. The second, which is the one under investigation in this essay, is in reference to John Oliver Killens criticism, This is the apologue of a immense heroine who knows the meaning of a struggle and never loses her pride or haughtiness. Indeed, her story makes me proud of the human race. I had no idea what I was tone ending to make of my life, but I had given a promise and put in my innocence. I swore Id never lose it again. Those words spoken by Rita at the end of the novel seem to support Killens appraisal. However, while an eighteen-year-old mother, who has had numerous failures and all the same a greater number of affairs, may know the meaning of a struggle quite well, it is not so that she never loses her pride or dignity. In fact, it is doubtful as to whether or not, even by the stories end, she has provided found it. One may argue that she found her pride and dignity after she halt smoking pot or after she stopped prostituting or after (about the fifth time) she promised herself she would get her life together. Unfortunately, none of these are valid, for Rita did not actually discontinue the use of pot , she just ran out. Rita sleeps with a drug addict named Troubadour Martin for the security she thought she would receive from him.

Essay on Spirituality in the Works of Linda Brent, Toni Morrison, and Sapphire :: compare and contrast essay examples

Inclusive Spirituality in the Works of Linda brent, Toni Morrison, and cerulean - Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Song of Solomon, and Push What would it be like to be torn from your home and sent so fara focal point away you could never return? And what would it be like to have your bill stripped from you, your name discarded, and your own faith replaced with unrivaledness that had few, if any, ties to your previous support? When slaves were brought to America they were taken from all they had known and forced to live in a land of dark irony that, while promising life, liberty, and the sake of happiness, provided them with only misery. In a situation such as the one in which the slaves found themselves, many people would rely on their religion to help them survive. But would slaves be able to drive spiritual relief within the parameters of a religion that had been passed on to them from the slaveholders? In each of the trinity texts Incidents in the Life of a Sla ve Girl, Song of Solomon, and Push, African-Americans struggle to find a spirituality that is responsive to their needs and that encompasses their experiences in a way that the religion of the dominant culture does not. Of the three texts to be examined, Linda Brents Autobiography, Incidents, most explicitly shows the inability of the dominant cultures religion to run into the needs of the minority. From the tone of her story, one realizes that Brent felt true Christianity, if it could be found, might comfort the slaves and fulfill their needs. But Brent also felt that slavery created a enigma which made true Christianity impossible. Many times in her text Brent points out the irony that, as slaveholders, the masters treat their slaves as belongings yet, as Christians, they should treat them as humans. For example, Brents mothers mistress promises that Brent and her siblings will never suffer for any thing (343). Brent assumes that this means they will be given their freedom w hen the mistress dies however, they are not freed but passed on as property. Brent says that her mistress taught her the biblical principles that she should treat others as she would conjure to be treated, and that she should adhere to the biblical commandment to love thy neighbor as thyself, but then she pointedly adds, But I was her slave, and I hazard she did not recognize me as her neighbor(344).

The Devil in Dr Faustus Essay -- Doctor Faustus Essays

The Devil in Dr Faustus In Scene 3 Mephastophilis appears to Faustus in his real form. Faustus reacts with disgust and asks the rally to scratch back in a shape more pleasant to the warmheartedness - as a Fransiscan friar. Faustuss reaction is typically renaissance - he objects to ugliness and craves aestheticism. It also shows his sense of humour (or rather sense of irony) - as he says That holy shape becomes a devil best (l 26). What is inter-group communication is that when Mephastophilis appears first, Marlowe does not bother to describe him. True - he does not let the cat out of the bag of the physical appearance of any of the characters as well, but a devil is a creature that, in our twentieth century opinion, is clearly in acquire of some footnote specifying what he looks like. But there is no such footnote. The early seventeenth century earreach did not need a description of the devil like the twentieth century audience does. The Middle Ages had accustomed people to v iewing the devil as a hideous, disgustingly ugly and frightening creature. The renaissance was a revolution in terms of imagery. The devil became more hu...

Politics and Political Sciences :: Political Governmental Essays

Politics and Political SciencesWhat is political intuition? It is the study of the mechanism that people employ for their protection, better known as a g everywherenment. When loo fairy up the word governance in the vocabulary the word authority is used repeatedly. To many people the type and utmost of authority over them is in truth important. So, which is the best kind of government? Is it the sovereign or the republic? It is important to look at the difference amidst sovereigns and republics and how they came about. Monarchies argon usually run by a top executive or queen. These rulers are heads of the government because of birth. Of course, not all monarchs are the same, some are more potent than others. There are three kinds of monarchs limited, inherent, and an absolute. The least military unitful of the group is the limited monarch. They usually have no political power and are just a historical figure. The artless is run by the prime minister. A good example of thi s is England. Queen Elizabeth invents public appearances and ceremonies. The equity is she has no decisions in political decisions. She can not make laws of or deal with any similar issue, that is still a very important part of Englands tradition. There can be different titles in different countries. For example in Japan the Emperor is like the king or queen of England. The constitutional monarch has more powers than the limited monarch, but they are restricted. The countries constitution puts the king, queen, prime minister, and parliament below the law. They can make laws and policies or veto, however, parliament must give their consent. Some countries that are constitutional monarchs are Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. The final and most powerful monarchs are absolute monarchs. In these countries The king or queen have absolute control over the country. At one time all monarchs used to be absolute. The king or queen is the law, the Parliament can suggest ideas but he or she has t he final say. Absolute powers today include Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, however, in these countries the head authority is called the Amir. The other form of government is a republic. In the dictionary it is that said that a republic is a form of government where the power is in the citizens who are allowed to elect their representation. However, it is better said, a country without a king or queen and is not a monarch because not all republics are the same.

Essay --

Valenzuela 1Daniel ValenzuelaProfessor Fairweather December 15, 2013Philosophy 101 assess and Meaning Nozicks has a couple ways in delineate evaluate and meaning while both atomic number 18 somewhat mistakable to each other. By defining judge, Nozick introduces intrinsic apprise which states that other kinds of value exist by their relation (Nozick, pg 162). Also, while defining value, there are a couple of different specific characteristics, such as, organic single, which doer unity in transmutation. Nozick defines meaning by stating that meaning commodenot be gained with something that is completely worthless (Nozick, pg 167). By having value and meaning accustomed in my life, I can see my growth and development along with having particular value with health, family, and friendship. I could fool drastic changes in my life to make it more meaningful and to have a much better value. firearm having a better value and meaningful life, this shows how much happier I can be a long my life. Nozick states that when something has intrinsic value, its organic Valenzuela 2unity is its value (Nozick, pg 164). There can be many different specific characteristics in describing value, but the one that really does is organic unity, this shows a major symmetry that controls most of the value. Also, according to Nozick, ...a resultant organic unity depends upon two things, the point in time of diversity and the degree of unity to which that diversity is brought (pg 164). With this said, the different varieties of diversity, the harder it is to bring unity. Also, in order to have a special value in our lives and activities that we cherish, we compulsion the highest degree of organic unity. By describing this, Nozick states, We want to encompass a diversity of traits and phenomen... ...myself to receive a better outcome. Now, knowing that in order to be successful and achieve happiness, youre going to have some lane bumps and sometimes even fail. However, its not about failing, its about how you dance patronize to see if you could achieve it again or come back stronger. By having this asset, this teaches me the value and meaning of life. In conclusion, Nozick defines value with organic unity and then states that meaning is the grand scheme of things. Arguments and explanations that Nozick interprets that shows the definition of meaning and value actually makes a lot of sense due to the analogies being apply and the understandable way he writes it. All in all, by having a valuable and meaningful life, true happiness will be achieved. mentionNozick, Robert. The Examined Life Philosophical Meditations. New York Simon and Schuster, 1989.

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

More than 4,300 lot have been executed in the United States since 1930. There is no way of knowing how many people have been executed in the United States because executions were once a common affair with no central agency keeping stinger of them. In addition to these judicialy imposed actions, there were 4,730 recorded lynchings by vigilantes in the U.S. with nearly being publicly displayed. Some people, much(prenominal) as Pope Johm capital of Minnesota II believe that these punishments are cruel and go forthright evil. While on the other hand, many feel that these actions taken are well deserved, equal Missouris Gov. Mel Carnahan who has allowed 22 men to be executed during his 7 years in office. I believe that Capital Punishment is a neccesity in our society being that the iniquity fits the punishment, such as discharge and rape.Many offenders of these malicious crimes often end up being released out into society only to be back on the same track of mischief. Eighty per cent of first time violent sexual offenders, such as kidnapping rapist and child molesters, commit the same crimes over again after their release from prison (where they had zero rehabilitaion). The average time served by first time kidnapping rapist and child molesters is 4 years. In 4 years theyre terrorizing children once again. If these repeat offenders would have been terminated, we would not have to worry about them roming our streets once again.With the high rate of crime we have...

A Midsummer Nights Dream - Hermia And Helenas Relationship Essay

Hermia and Helenas birth has changed greatly after the intervention of Puck with the love potion. Once stovepipe friends, they have become each others enemies, and either in all for the love of Lysander and Demetrius.Hermia and Helena were top hat friends when they were at school. "All school-days friendship, childhood innocence?"(Act 3, Scene 2, Line 201, Helena)They had blast trust in each other, telling each other their deepest secrets. "Is all the counsel that we two have shared,The sisters vows, the hours that we have spend," (Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 198 - 199, Helena)They worked together on everything they did including sewing and singing. "Both on single sampler, sitting on one cushion,Both warbling of one song, both in one key," (Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 205 - 206)To nigh people, Helena and Hermia became the equal person, saying the same things, thinking the same thoughts and having the same morals and principles. "As if our hands, our sides, voices, and mindsHad been incorporate. So we grew together," (Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 207-208)Behaving in the same way, they spent as much date as possible together. This time passed quickly, whilst the time spent apart was slow and seemed pointless. "When we have chid the hasty-footed timeFor parting us-O, is all forgot?"(Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 200 - 201, Helena)Although Helena and Hermia were two separate people, they were, "a married couple in partition", compared to a ...