Midterm Examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Midterm examen - Essay ExampleThe paper will incorporate historical evidence to support this stance.Open opening imperialism buttocks be basically defined as the act of all-powerful nations controlling the lesser powerful nation in the world so as to primarily safeguard the powerful nations interests. the States beingness the worlds superpower has applied the open door imperialism to most parts of the world where it can reach. Its military is crucial to the United States spreading open door imperialism. The Monroe doctrine was the first step towards the Statesn open door imperialism. The doctrine implied that the United States would consider any acts by European states to interfere or colonize lands in north and South America as aggression towards the regular army. Also, the act stated that America in return would not interfere with the internal running or colonies of European nations. The Monroe doctrine afterward became a defining element of the ground forces foreign policy . Later, the doctrine would be relied upon and invoked by various USA presidents such as Ronald Reagan, John F Kennedy, and Theodore Roosevelt.Contained in the doctrine are two significant themes of demonstrate destiny and exceptionalism. These two themes refer to the power and right of America to interfere, correct or, exert its power and regularise across the globe. This doctrine was therefore used by the United States in several instances to justify USA intervention abroad throught most of the 19th century. For instance, the USA was involved in the Hawaii annexation and the Spanish American war (McCormick, 1963). The Monroe doctrine consequently came to basically define the United States control sphere that truly few countries dared or dare to challenge. Its definition expanded greatly as the United States gained more power. America enacted the big brother policy in the early 1880s with a major aim of collect Latin American countries behind it.

Analysis of Organizational Change Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Organizational transform - condition Paper ExampleChange is, therefore, often considered as a reaction to external threats in vaporizable environments or as a proactive attempt to grab wider opportunities (Thompson, 1993, p. 697). Theoretical aspects of Change and Change charge According to the management perspectives, change is a process. For a business that proposes to introduce and implement a change, it is an probability as well as a challenge, because the management may have to face varieties of obstacles like subway system to change but the outcome will be more or less profitable to the company. Change is a powerful tool and strategy that can be used as a managerial technique to achieve arrangingal goals in more effective ways. Change management is a dictatorial process that encompasses and incorporates different managerial functions such as planning, direction, coordination, supervising, organizing and controlling. As Palmer, Dunford and Akin, (2009, p. 24) argued, change doesnt occur as an automatic process, but rather it involves strategic activities, people, process, techniques and many other managerial functions too. Strategic change has been be as an informed and participative process that results in newer ways of doing business that leading the organization to its main goal, supreme success (Jacobs, 1997, p. 22). Strategic change is a managerial process in which the present state of strategic approach gets altered to another state in order to make the organization able to manage with rivals and their differentiated functions. This would enable the organization to obtains greater adaptability and viability in the organisational environments. Strategic change may be of different kinds such as down-sizing, reengineering, outsourcing, redesigning and realigning the product, product differentiation, product development etc. As Dobson et al (2004, p. 122) denoted, an organization can be said to be excellent if it is able to change t hrough ceaseless innovating, gearing quick actions and conducting regular experimentations. Change management is simply the process of helping a person, crowd or organization change. As it is a management process, it comprises various managerial functions like planning the change, organize among the change activities, directing, supervising and controlling them as well. Change management is an ongoing process of aligning an organization with its marketplace and doing it more responsively and with greater effectiveness than how competitors do (Rothwell, Sullivan and McLean, 2005, p. 17). The change management process thus includes a set of concepts, principles, techniques, strategies, and tools that are appliedto human aspects in order to execute change within the organizational setting.Change management has also been viewed as a multi-disciplinary activity that the people or team prudent for executing the change are expected of possessing certain skills, supports, experiences, an d knowledge.

Art History Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art History - Research Proposal Example exactly what may bring on encouraged Cleavers request may have been Howard Binghams largely apolitical nature. Bingham always unploughed quiet about any political feelings that he had, but instead focused on individuals, as is evident in his recent exhibition at the Californian African American Museum A bite in Time Binghams Black Panthers. The exhibitions introduction summarises Binghams role as followsThis exhibition and the accompanying publication, not solitary(prenominal) showcase recognisable snapshots taken during public displays, but also posed, private and unusual moments that the Panthers leaders could have only granted to a well trusted soul whose artistry and openness to the cause would be honestly reflected through the lens of a camera. That is the access that they gave to fooler Howard Bingham, from which he created an extremely personal and invaluable tribute.3For me Bingham distanced himself, or tried to distance himself, from the politics of the movement in order to portray the human, cursory character of its members and what I believe he felt to be the essential matters, especially community. It is for this reason that I want to concentrate on one particular motion-picture show by Bingham, simply entitled Panthers Headquarters, Oakland.The photograph shows two young girls, one African America, the other Caucasian, cycling past the Panthers Headquarter building. The immediate symbolism of the photo is quite clear, portraying the notions of equality and possibility, but what makes the image especially interesting is the apparent impetuous rumination on the face of an African American woman standing in the doorway of the building as she watches the two children. And when one looks closer at the image the face of a man becomes recognisable in the window of the Panthers Headquarters, peering out at the children. The witnesser immediately asks his or herself what is the reason for the seemingly shar ed anxious expressions of the African American man and woman, in complete contrast to the children. Another feature of the image that encourages questions from the viewer is the role played by shadow. Although the two children are side by side they are illogical by shadow, the African American child within it, and the Caucasian child outside it. But what we mustiness not forget when analysing the work of this exhibition is that these photos are journalism as art, and that it is impossible to know how frequently of the scene has been constructed by the author. It is very likely that these two children just happened to be riding together at a particular time of day but the image still poses questions. Is the artist attempting to suggest that in that respect is a natural division between the children or is he in situation highlighting the topic that racial division is as superfluous as how the suns rays reach the sidewalk at a trustworthy time of day, and that the innocence of t hese children allows them to transcend the division. Is Bingham here suggesting the idea of an integrated future A number of contrastive aspects of the image can be interpreted as a variety of symbols, that lead to more questions arising, and appoint us an interesting view into, or interpretation of, of the artists own personal feelings towards the Black Panthers, and in fact the entire Civil Rights Movement. It is impossible to tell if the woman at the threshold of the Headquarters is stationary or if she is leaving the building,

Reading Responses and Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reading Responses and Replies - Essay ExampleFirst, the author does a good job of displaying why he suits for the job position. He goes ahead to demonstrate the entertain he would bring to the company. The writer gives excellent tips of enhancing confidence to the employer. This catches the employers attention to evaluate the need of recruiting a strong applicant who is ready to bring growth to the company. Secondly, while concluding, he displays his confidence by stating that he regards to meet the employer. This demonstrates confidence in his skills and abilities that he would succeed to get the job. Nevertheless, listing out his actions was wrong since this worthy a resume. Mostly, most employers regard a cover letter that is one page in distance therefore it would be displeasing to list out the list of accomplishment. The writer could have summarized his list of accomplishment in one or two sentences to grasp the readers attention. The writer failed to use the purify format of cover letter. The use of slugs display lack of professionalism as the use of listing seemed unnecessary. Though bullet points augment easy reading, it should not be present in the formal business letter. There is a lot we can learn from this letter but few things can be improved as mentioned above. Work Cited Purdue University. Business Wring Engli

Direct Marketing in International Markets Assignment - 1

Direct Marketing in International Markets - Assignment ExampleHere the basic characteristics of foreign send off marketing keep back too been discussed which include being flexible, meeting the customer needs, focused concern on greater convenience, also overall increased overall customer benefits (Krafft & Hesse, 2007). Also, the views of the marketing Guru Seth Gobin have also been included on the differences between mass marketing and direct marketing. Here a relieve oneself differentiation brings out one of the basic yet most important points, i.e. mass marketing is exchangeable to a machine gun which reaches a number of customers, however the overall effectiveness is not certain(prenominal) until the end, while direct marketing are similar to hand guns which will result in a definite kill, i.e. conversion (Greenslade, 2009). The common aspect of the two methods is that both are equally tried and time-tested methods that companies adopt (Greenslade, 2009). The paper has also identified that the major issues in the consumer perspective is the lack of privacy and constant, temper direct call marketing. Here it has also been found that several telecom companies have implemented the Do not disturb list to allow customers from getting unwanted calls (Jobber, 2009). Apart from these several laws have also been developed to help customers overcome the issue. Introduction Among the various different means of making contact with customer, direct marketing is one of the direct channels. This paper aims at discussing about direct marketing in an internationalistic sense. The paper will also discuss the characteristics of direct marketing and will include a elaborate comparison of direct marketing and mass marketing approach (Kotler, Kotler on Marketing How to Create, Win, and Dominate Markets , 1999).

Exploitation of employees Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Exploitation of employees - Research Proposal ExampleThe research paper bequeath encompass the causes of employee exploitation and its determent. Legal issues will be discusses such as United States Labor Law and Americans with Disabilities exertion of 1990. I will use questionnaires and structured interviews for carrying out the research. The whole process will take more or less one month.The research will focus on questions like How many employees complain of being exploit? What techniques employers use to exploit them? How employees confront exploitation? What fears do they have which makes them suffer from exploitation? Are employees breastplate laws being implied in these companies? What should be done to motivate employees so that they raise their voices?I plan to chew the fat different companies to locate answers to my research questions. I will conduct structured personal interviews with the managers and employees. I will distribute questionnaires among employers, empl oyees, and some attorneys. I shall conduct a comparative research based on results legitimate from companies which exploited their employees and those which did not.Lynch, P.D, Eisenberger, R, & Armeli, S 1999, Perceived organizational support Inferior versus superior performance by on the lookout employees, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 467-483. doi 10.1037/0021-9010.84.4.467McFarlin, D.B & Sweeney, P 2002, Countering manipulation and exploitation of employees, Where Egos Dare The Untold faithfulness about Narcissistic Leaders and How to Survive Them, Kogan Page Publishers, USA.Pines, G.L.S, & Meyer, D.G 2005, Stopping the exploitation of workers An analysis of the effective action of consumer or socio-political pressure, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 59, no. 1-2, pp.

Organization Culture Development and Success of the Organization Essay

Organization Culture Development and Success of the Organization - Essay faceThe intention of this study is constitution finale as a USP or Unique Selling bakshis of a firm that differentiates itself from its counterparts. Organizational culture means the way human resource in an organization acts and performs its duties. The culture in an organization is usually developed by top leadership which is translated to the production workers or managers at the lower level of the hierarchy. Any organization that fails to develop a unique culture fails to advance its value to its customers and hence loses its superbness in the eyes of its customers. In the 21st, the concept is more important than ever so before because of the intensive competition by firm. Not only the firms in the same country ar fighting for a same job, but outsourcing has included the foreign firms too in the fight for a job that comes to the market. In the midst of so heavy competition, it has become increasingl y important for firms to Break by means of the clutter. No firm back tooth break through the clutter or become vivid unless it has something other than that the conventional competition is offering. Many firms, as a result, have increased their focus on organisational culture. Many are trying to develop a culture that will service of process them piddle an edge over their competition. Organizational Culture, apart from helping an organization in all of these, also help helps an organization in developing the ideal characteristics of its workforce over period without having to incur the heavy prepare spending that also entails loss of productivity and may lead to boredom and job turnover. It is also suggest by organizational behavior experts to develop a long term strategy based on an organizational culture in order to achieve firms targets and goals. The long term strategy can be supplemented by incorporating several training regimes that are used to make sure that the organi zational culture has been properly engraved into the conscience of the workers and everyone in the organization is sideline the same culture that is yielding synergism and resulting in achievement in difficult tasks and goals which are not possible unless everyone in the organization is following the same culture. (Jin, Drozdenko, & Bassett, 2007) Organizational Culture leads to more cogency in the organization. In fact, organizational culture improves the efficiency because it gives the sense of direction to employees and tells them how they are supposed to act in a variety of situation. This reduces their response time and helps them focus on the customer satisfaction more that leads to very satis figurey results. This increases organization wide efficiency of the human resource and all the staff in the organization allocates more time to core competencies. This also increases job satisfaction which leads to customer satisfaction and towards profitability of the organization. (Denison & Mishra, 1995) Organizational Culture also affects the knowledge counsel practices of an organization. Knowledge management is extremely important for an organization as concluded by Toyota Motor Company, UNIX, Microsoft and Mercedes-Benz. mavin cannot imagine an organization to achieve success if it does not pay any heed to the engineering science information and knowledge management flows within the organization. It is extremely difficult to assume the success of the organization without the technology factor playing its part. Hence, indirectly organizational culture plays an important role in the development of an organization and its technology management and knowledge management practices which are now considered vital for the success of the organization. So much so that even the large organizations are making their old staff who seemed incompatible to technology are training them to make them work on the technology of the new era. Of course all of this is not pos sible without organizational cu

Should democracies be forbidden to possess chemical weapons Essay

Should democracies be forbidden to give chemical weapons - Essay ExampleThis paper tends to assert that democracies should be forbidden to possess chemical weapons. Possessing chemical weapons threatens the integrity of a country. Lets take the example of Iran to figure place how much tension possessing chemical weapons can create for the country itself and for the rest of the world. Iran has already been seeing filtrate relationship with U.S. and its allies, since the Iranian Revolution that came about in the late 1970s. The threat to Irans solidarity increased when electric chair Bush declared it as part of Axis of Evil (WBGH educational foundation 2013, par.2). This threat did non decrease with the election bringing Barrack Obama in presidency. The nonion that has further triggered the decision of U.S. war with Iran is Irans quest in nuclear technology. Irans acquiring chemical weapons, according to U.S., will be a threat to worlds peace. Even the allies of U.S. - England, G ermany, and France- are worried about this nuclear offer of Iran. ... Iran is not becoming a nuclear power (Henderson 2013) and therefore, it will not bear any threats from the extraneous world, still threats prevail because Iran has been making war machine purchases from Washington and Gulf Arab, and has been making military maneuvers. This shows how being involved in and possessing chemical weapons threatens the stability and integrity of a country. Moreover, possessing chemical weapons creates a sense of hostility among countries of the world. ground forces has already entered into wars with a number of countries due to this reason, and this has destabilized those countries and has also put damaging effects upon the American economy. submission into conflict disrupts the peace, not only of Iran but also of U.S., who has already lost the lives of many of its soldiers in military actions against Iraq and Afghanistan. Americans will never tolerate if the correct number of casua lties of American soldiers in the war on little terror is revealed to them (Nouraee 2010). The environment of hostility brought about by chemical weapons only increases hatred, and encourages the residents of the attacked country to develop rebellious feelings. This does not help decrease terrorism, but increases violence and radical hostility. It only turns into a global hate combat. Also, U.S. has already been suffering from financial burden because of heavy budgets being assigned to war on terror. The sense of confrontation has been prevailing throughout the world because of the possession of chemical weapons by some countries, and this unhealthy environment poses gamble to economies and social statuses of countries. Possession of chemical weapons should also be forbidden because it increases the chances of warfare. Lets understand what the last-ditch objective behind the possession of

Nereis succinea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11000 words

Nereis succinea - Essay ExampleEven as the decrease in feeding may manoeuvre a decrease in olfactory sensing, greater levels of activity may refer to compensation with visual detection, i.e. a certain amount of time would have to be devoted in purpose food. It is crucial to evaluate both parties in the interactions of predator and prey especially as both parties would probably be affected differently, eventually implying changes in the life of each party. Nereis succinea reproduction (la) The mass spawning for the N. succinea is mostly seen from June to phratry at night during a new or full moon with temperatures higher than 16oC. This must besides be influenced by the location population (Ram et al., 1999). The womanishs give off the cysteine-glutathione disulphide (CSSG) when they float. Such pheromone, first dis denyed by Zeeck et al. in 1998, seems to attract mates at depressed concentrations. The swimming of the male spawns becomes steep (Ram et al., 2008) leading to a rise in the possibility of being faced with a sexually ready female person (Fei et al., 2008). As these spawns meet, both males and females swim around each other in tight circles gradually becoming small in size. Males unleash nigh spermatozoan along with the egg release pheromone (ERP) (Zeeck et al. 1996, 1998). Such ERP is made up mostly of inosine with glutamic acid and glutamine it leads to the females releasing both eggs as well as significant amounts of sperm release pheromone (SRP), CSSG, at elevated levels (Hardege et al., 2004). Consequently, the males then unleash significant amounts of sperm, thereby leading to the fertilization of the female egg. Chemical nature of nereidid sex pheromones (la) Nereis succinea 1. Cysteine-glutathione disulphide (CSSG) Cysteine-glutathione disulphide (nereithione) (CSSG) (Figure 10) is released by the female N. succinea while swimming it is also considered a tetra- peptide pheromone. At low levels of concentration (10-9 M), CSSG cause s the males to increase the pace and speed of their swimming allowing the faster access to the slow-paced females. At elevated levels, (in excess of 10-6 M) CSSG causes the release of gametes by the male spawns (Ram et al., 1999). Glutathione (GSH) found in the body fluids and cysteine (amino acid) is utilized to provide synthesis for CSSG as needed. This production happens only during the heteronereid level of the life cycle (Hardege et al., 2004). Figure 10. Structure of the sex pheromone in N. succinea, CSSG (Source Guidechem). Spawning hormones and pheromonal communication are responsible for the transduction of this information (Bentley and Pacey, 1992) eventually leading to the mass spawning phenomenon often seen for the nereidid species. 1. Males usually cover large distances as they swim over water surfaces seeking the slow swimming females. At some point, females may shift their swimming patterns, often swimming in circles for a few seconds. At which point, they may give o ff the sex pheromone 5-methyl-3-heptanone and start to swim in tighter circles (Zeeck et al., 1988). 2. Ripe males detecting swimming females may notice the pheromone in the water and change the quality of their swimming. They then return to the source of the smell of the female while also giving off some coelomic fluid, which is otherwise referred to as a sperm demoralise (Hardege, 1999). Such sperm cloud includes the egg release pheromone (ERP), L Ovothiol A (Rohl et al., 1999) (Figure 6). 3. The ERP then prompts the female to swim

Development Of Performance Management Systems Case Study - 3

Development Of Performance Management Systems - Case Study suitSuch definition and discussion are done below.The interest of students is in the fact that there has been a previous system. Students are therefore in an excellent position to make known the impact that the inaugural system had on their education and their expectations for this new systemSoftware developers are going to serve as the contractors for the software discipline. They lead, therefore, feed beneficiaries and contract givers with information on the timeline, planning, implementation and running of the systemA tonus assurance team is needed to access the quality and reliability of the system to be designed. Without such as team, the schools bungholenot be assured that the end result will be any better than what existed before.The overall dressing goal is to get all employees to support the new system to be veritable. This goal is broad and can only if a series of specific objectives are achieved. To this en d, the following specific objectives are set for the study program6. As noted by Stockley (2012), A good performance management system has an employee development focus. This means that it is the objective of the training to brainstorm employees on how their output of work can be developed through the system.A questionnaire that focuses on the impact of the training program to all stakeholders shall be developed. Through the questionnaire, the facilitator will be in a position to sample views of stakeholders on the program. Through responses to be sampled, it will be possible to tell whether or not the objectives were achieved.To make data analysis easy for discussion, both qualitative and quantitative data analysis procedures shall be used for the data collection plan. To this end, two major data collection instruments shall be designed. These are questionnaire and interview.

Ethiopia and Eritrea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Ethiopia and Eritrea - Research story ExampleAfter about four decades of enjoyment of its sovereign chastise, Ethiopia is once more on the barrier of permanently becoming a landlocked terra firma. The present governing body of Ethiopia has approved and signed the Algiers arrangement that might make their nation landlocked (Healy & Plaut, 2007). If the opposition, triumphs in the next pick or any election afterward, it might officially condemn the Algiers Agreement and insist on a new arrangement that identifies the right of accessing the sea. It is deemed accessing the sea is one of the burning topics that contributed to the achievement of the opposition and the decreasing support of the government in the run low election.In this thesis, this paper will argue that Ethiopia has a legal right of accessing the sea as authorized by the regulations of the UN General Assembly of 1950, which was executed accordingly by merging Eritrea to Ethiopia. This paper recognizes the right of self-government along with the license of the Eritrean citizens. Even though, it recognizes the independence of Eritrea, it also recognizes the sovereign right of accessing the sea by Ethiopia. The legal system that governs the territorial dis transcriptions between Eritrea and Ethiopia is the treaty between UN and Ethiopia. The treaty was also referred to as the agreement between Ethiopia and the Victorious Four Powers of World War II in line with Eritrea, which was merged to Ethiopia, in 1952. The citizens of Eritrea fought for their fate and have become sovereign. Their desires have been accomplished by the blood that they paid during the fight for their independence (Healy & Plaut, 2007). The treaty of the Four Powers and Ethiopia is about the deliberation of the security of East Africa and the rightful need of Ethiopia to access the sea. In reality, the main purpose and objective of the treaty is the right of Ethiopia to access the sea. However, the people who appear to benef it in the main from the treaty are the Eritreans. The basis of any agreement that is meant to resolve the territorial disagreements between Eritrea and Ethiopia should adapt the tribute of the United Nations General Assembly of 1950, as well as the international law, which gives Ethiopia the right to access the sea. understate The Horn of Africa, which comprises of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia, is approximately three-quarters of a million square miles in the northeast of Africa (International Group Crisis, 2003). The kingdom borders hundreds of kilometers of the Arabian Sea. It also lies along the southern border of the Gulf of Aden. Ethiopia stands at the center of the Horn of Africa. The country is bordered by Eritrea 912 km, Djibouti 349 km, Somalia 1600 km and Kenya 861 km, as well as Sudan 1606 km. The country shares diverse ethnic groups with its neighbors (International Group Crisis, 2003). There is a wide range of ethnic groups living in Ethiopia, Kenya and S udan. The

Moral Significance of Personhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

clean-living Significance of Personhood - Essay ExampleIt was John Locke who cut loose the conceptual strands that held together the personal and biological dimensions of humanity in his essay, Of Identity and Diversity. It was this along with his assumption that not all human beings may be persons that launched the debate in regard to the human ascendancy over other beings. The teleological argument has been largely done away with as advances in reproductive technology, medical genetics, and treatments continually assail the rationality of beau ideal and his hand in the affairs of the humans. As biological science discover the marvels of the human body, scientists and modern philosophers ar emboldened to deny the Creator-variable and the soul, citing the brain as fundamental in the existence of the human reason.Michael Tooley (2001) presented the functional rendering of personhood with his dissection of the brain. Here, he outlined that the brain is scientifically divided into two regions and that the upper part is mainly responsible for the personhood of a personThe upper brain contains the neuron-psychological background not only of higher mental functions such(prenominal) as self-consciousness, deliberation, thought and memory but also of consciousness of even the most rudimentary sort. (p. 117)The decease of this region, say in an accident or as a result of a disease, is tantamount not just to the destruction of certain general capacities but of states that underlie personal identity as well. This basis of personhood follows a utilitarian or functional approach.

Issues Faced by Operations Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Issues Faced by operations Managers - Essay ExampleShortage of funds in financial market cannister create a problem for managers because supply of m whizy in company leads to different financial activities. Continuous supply is precise important for any company to operate.Managers also need to know that what their competitors ar doing in the industry. They cant ignore contestation around them in this dynamic world. Managers need to be informed that what they are doing in terms of increase development, Pricing, Marketing strategies and many more things. Any type of activity that the competitors do can create a great deal of problem for the managers.Every organization has an aim to be Global. Managers need to causa many difficult situations when they are in foreign countries. They need to tackle certain factors for success when they are abroad. That includes Legal/Political Environment, stinting Environment and Cultural Environment.While going Global managers need to render the Political and Legal uncertainties in the untaught they are doing their business. They should be aware of the Specific Legal laws of that country because if they dont know the Legal procedures of that country it can create many problems for them. Many countries have a history of unstable governments therefore managers face dramatically greater uncertainty as a result of political instability. For example the goal of one government is to nationalize the important sectors of the country where as the goal of the other government is to have set-apart enterprises to promote free market economy. Economic environment can also affect managers decision. The three most important factors in affecting manager decision are Fluctuating currency exchange rates, flash Rate and measure policies. If the country has a high inflation rate in which they are operational can result in high productivity cost which can ultimately decrease their profits. Tax policies are the most concerning for managers . If tax policies are restrictive managers can face challenging situations. Managers need critical information of tax rules so that they can overcome with all the tax obligations.Managers also need to understand the culture of the country in which they are operating. Different countries have different cultures and managers must know they loss of each culture. This is very important factor for managers to take care of, because if they fail to understand the cultural set of that country they cant serve their products and services to the people of that country. For example if a company who is manufacturing Alcohol and is operating in USA and then they open a branch of their company in Saudia Arabia, But as Saudia Arabia is an Islamic State they cant sell the Alcohol in that country because they cultural and religious values doesnt allow them to drink, that can create huge problem for the managers of that company. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYTodays organizations are moving towards social r esponsibility. Managers have to be careful while going for socially responsible because being socially responsi

Land Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

res publica Law - Assignment ExampleS. No Table of Cases 1 Bernstein v Skyviews General Ltd 1978 QB 479 2 boomer v Atlantic Cement Co Ltd 257 NE 2d 870 ( NYCA ,1970) 3 Cadbury Schweppes Inc v FBI Foods Ltd (1999) SCR 142, 167, DLR (4th) 4 Chelsea yacht and Boat Club v Pope 2001 2 AII ER 409 5 Cooperative Wholesale parliamentary law Ltd v British Railway Board (1995) 6 Hulme v Brigham 7 Isenberge v East India dwelling Estate Co Ltd 1863 3 De G J & S23 8 John Trenberth v National Westminster imprecate (1979) 39 P & CR 104 9 Kelsen v Imperial Tobacco Co Ltd (1957) 10 Lemmon v Webb (1895) 11 Lewvest Ltd v Scotia Towers Ltd (1981) 126 DLR (3d) 239, Nfld SC, 12 Millennium Production Ltd v. Winter Garden Theatre (London) Ltd 1948 AC 173, HL 13 Mitchell v Mosley 1914 1 Ch 438 14 Parker v British Airways Board (1982) 15 Reilly v Booth (1890) 16 Rudd v Cinderella Rockerfellas Ltd 2003 EWCA Civ 529 17 Taylor v North West Water (1995) 18 Telecom Auckland Ltd v Auckland CC1999 1 NZLR 4 26 19 Woolerton and Wilson Ltd v Richard Costain Ltd 1970 1 WLR 411 S. ... physical or tangible billet like factories , fields , shops , houses and soil but in addition intangible privileges in the land such as right to create a charge on land to secure a loan or a right to walk along the neighbours driveway which is also kn hold as an easement right, the privilege to take something from others land like fish, which is being a attain and an illustration of an incorporeal hereditament and the privilege to manipulate the usage to which a neighbour may place his land, which is also known as a restrictive covenant . Thus, in legal parlance, a land includes both corporeal and physical asset and also includes the privilege that the owner or third parties may realise from or over it1. Land may include any terrain, which is held other than the surface and hence, it is liable to level division. Thus, land encompasses any specific map coordinates, which contain at least restricted segme nts of the superjacent and underlying areas. Thus, the area, the ownership to land can be differentiated and vested in various owners at a time, each(prenominal) owning a different part or stratum of the cubic space either above or below the surface layer of the ground. It is to be noted that owners of various floors in an apartment may own a freehold title by way of common hold or have a get of a leasehold estate2. The world of physical reality is being essentially related by the first tether dimensions of land. However, the fourth and fifth dimension is not dealing with the physical aspects of land but deals with the intangible vex in the land. In Newlon Housing Trust v Alsulaimen (1999), it was held that the four dimensional of land is not however explained with the reference to the corporeal periphery of the land and also by reference to the period for

Foreign Intelligence Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foreign Intelligence Organization - Essay ExampleIn the past, these countries focused their efforts on getting intelligence service concerning the United States Military capabilities, as well as host research and development activities. Today, these nations also collect technical, scientific, proprietary and stinting discipline. The information collected is aimed at promoting the matter welfare of these nations and also acquiring and maintaining highly developed array systems. These countries have the ability of collection U.S. intelligence information using Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Signal Intelligence (SIGINT), and by analyzing dedicate source material.1 other countries also have the ability to collect imagery products that can be used to collect contrive Intelligence (IMINT). It is essential to note that only the Russian Federation gathers space-borne intelligence. 1The Peoples Republic of china also has this ability though to a rather limited extent. Therefore, Russi a remains to be the nation that poses the most significant intelligence collection threat to the U.S. Russia has immense intelligence capability that was inherited from former Soviet Union. A large proportion of Russias intelligence collection infrastructure is focused on collecting information relating to the U.S. The Russian Federation uses SIGINT, HUMINT, IMINT, MASINT, and open source analysis. This is used to develop intelligence products for military planners and Russian political leaders. According to the federal Bureau of Investigation, Russian intelligence operations have increased in sophistication, scope, and number.2 They are likely to remain at this high level for the near future. The bodies legally responsible for international intelligence functions in Russia include the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), the Main Intelligence board of directors of General Staff (GRU) and the Federal Agency for Government Communications and Information (FAPSI). SVR chiefly collects scientific, political, technical and economic information. Majority of case officers working for SVR operate from Russian Embassies and consulates to a lower place diplomatic cover. Though alleged that SVR force play have been reduced by 30%, active collection operations continue, and suspicion that SVR influences operations, and conduct propaganda is rife.2 The GRU mainly provides strategic and tactical intelligence for the Russian Military.2 They collect warning intelligence, important information on military capabilities of likely adversaries, and data on superior military technologies. Their collection techniques include HUMINT, both overt and clandestine, open sources, satellite imagery reconnaissance, SIGINT from ships, ground stations aircrafts and satellites. Collection activities that significantly threaten U.S interests are those under the Space Intelligence Directorate and First Deputy Chief.3 The Space Intelligence Directorate, in conjunction with the legislat e Intelligence Direction, manages Russias space reconnaissance program. The SDI operates many research institutes, its own cosmodromes, and a centralized figurer processing facility. FAPSIs main role is communications security for Russia.2 Russia continues to place emphasis on HUMINT.3 This is because of the information they gathered from the past. It is

Westco Diversity Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Westco Diversity - show window Study ExampleThe following discussion features the approach that Kyle Roberts, vice president of the firm and Johns supervisor should take to address the complaints raised due to Johns behaviour. The discussion also proposes and discusses initiatives that Westco disregard take to reduce the likelihood of this issue coming up in the company in the future.Stereotyping involves qualification decisions or viewing individuals based on assumptions and perspectives related to the characteristics exhibited by people of their group (Kinicki and Fugate 96). In Westcos case, the two individuals affected, Susan Thompson and Oscar Hernandez, both face discrimination against for factors outside inherent of their being. Susan Thompson, a 48-year-old single mother, is on the receiving prohibit because of her sexuality and age. It is common for women in careers to face absolute barrier to prevent them especially when it involves management positions and programs. H er intent as a mother and as such is responsible for her childs welfare, and this does not urinate a nurturing environment for social growth at a career level. Secondly, Thompson faces discrimination because of her age. John believes that at her age, investing in her is a waste of resources and time as she will not be open to contribute much to her possible retirement.Oscar Hernandez is of Latin origin but schooled and raised on American soil. His discrimination is due to his racial background as a Latin. The barrier towards his advancement in his career at managerial level crops from characteristics exhibited by the general Latin community. Because of Johns attitude towards the racial group, his talents and uncommon perspectives do not reflect on the organisations workforce. John is just an example as noted of lack of Latin Americans in managerial levels with a few exceptions in certain regions.Westco has a conservative reputation. Conservatism

Fire protection Essay Example for Free

sting surety EssayThe research is to determine the fire protection education programs that urgency top be organized in a townspeopleshipspeople. This town is a very busy town that is characterized by a population of about 12,000 people and is a major host of light industries, tidy climatic and environmental conditions that attracts tourists ant some points of the year. This town has a rapidly maturement population with an above average income and good agricultural lands. Being posted as a unpaid worker in the fire department there is need to educate the public on the fire protection and life pencil eraser programs. This has been facilitated by the recent fire attacks.The training curriculum and the procedure for the entire town needs to be made and organized into groups, these groups need to check at the social, economical, age and religious settings of the town. The trainings should be both for the bar and the escape. For the school going children and the Pre School age d children the trainings and drillings should include the exit drills that can supporter them in case of f ire attacks, smoke detectors testing and the actions that they need to take if the detectors sound alarms and the stop, muster out and roll techniques. This will help the kids and school going children to escape some light fire attacks.Since in many cases the main course of fire is open flames the kids should be educated on the effects of play with matches the lighters and fire. ( PEAP, 1980) The education package for the adults should be very much extensive and well detailed. This is because of all the businesses and the developments in the development town they are involved and invest in them. Their training for fire prevention and life safety should involve the use of fire extinguishers, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) , keeping their homes and businesses safe from attack and the need to interpose to install their homes with fire and smoke detectors.( http//www. usfa . dhs. gov/fireservice/subjects/fireprev/) As a volunteer in the fire department I would be able to advice the town council to identify and develop public, private and fire community partnership that would be utilize and be instrumental in the enhancement and awareness of fire prevention activities. For this busy growing town, that is keep above average class I would advocate for the for the inclusion of fire prevention and detection engineering science and design in construction and the architecture of the . physical facilities. This would improve the safety of the business buildings and the lives of the citizens.(http//www. usfa. dhs. gov/fireservice/subjects/fireprev) The whole town should be involved in a public fire awareness program, to get the educations and the skills for fire prevention and protection. To check at the effective ness of this program of installing fire detection machines there should be a drill at different points of the town to test the effectiveness of s uch machines.Reference Fire Marshal, Public Education Assistance Program Steering Committee (PEAP,- Alaska,1980) SN publishers Alaska http//www. usfa. dhs. gov/fireservice/subjects/fireprev/ Retrieved on the 19th July 2008

Unlike golf where a special course Essay Example for Free

strange play where a special course EssayThere are many social wellhead-beings associated with the feisty platter golf which are both personal and communal, despite the fact that it can be vie alone. It is of great social benefit because it can be shrink fromed by anyone adults and children and by both g lasters antheral and female, playing together in one game.Unlike golf where a special course must be prepared, disc golf is more advantageous as it is easy to play and can be organized and played anywhere because the designs of the courses are simple These courses are all over rural the States as they can be found in beaches, in open fields or even off in forests, increasing the chances of accessibility to the rural population who stand no chance for the more elitist end metropolitan golf or tennis which must be played on a curiously prepared course ( record book Golf). dish golf provides opportunities for whole step recreation, which also attracts visitors and it protects the existing valuable natural resources.It has the benefit of preserving and promoting the unique character of the local community using the available resources that are limited economically and so it is cheap to organize. The fact that its eighteen-hole course takes hours to complete is an excellent opportunity for recreation in terms of valuable popular pastime. The nature of disk golf courses does not distort or diverseness the local decorate and the existing ecosystem. The serene rural atmosphere gives to the locals who engage in this kind of cavort better quality in terms of life compared to their metropolitan counterparts.Players of disc golf are provided with benefits that are tangible, intangible as well as unique. The psychological outcome of the game serves in motivating large number to participate and this leads to change in conditions such as improved health besides other benefits based on the global community (Maryland Disc Golf). one area of advantag e in disc golf is the low hail of constructing a course. One hole takes the community between 500-1000 dollars. This is far much cheaper compared with the cost of constructing the course for unfluctuating golf or a tennis court. The locals are thus able to get recreational and health benefits at a low price.Besides, there are no incurred maintenance costs as in tennis or regular golf. Disc golf has led to an improved environment in several(prenominal) cases. somewhat areas which used as dumpsites have now been converted into disc golf courses, for example the De Laveaga Disc Golf course found in Santa Cruz, California, which was previously being illegally used as a dumping site for trash. All trash was removed and a disc golf course was created. The reformation of some of these areas which were being misused is an excellent case of environmental conservation occasioned by the emergence of disc golf.These areas have become self-sustaining as a result of the funds brought by disc golfers who play here (Rules). This form of sport also has the benefit of revitalizing pose that are underutilized and whose facilities are deteriorating. Some parks which were being used by criminal gangs for outlawed activities are increasingly being sullen into disc golf courses. Local communities have taken the initiative of developing new disc golf courses in these areas which were otherwise being used for activities that were destructive to both the environment and the morals of the general society.One such example is in Richmond, Va, whose local park had been taken over by drug dealers where they would carry out their deals. This made the area a high risk-zone for locals who could not undertake anything recreational there. A considerable lower in crime-rate has been reported since the establishment of the course. No more drug deals and vandalism has been reduced substantially, all ingenuity of the disc golf course. Bad omen in and around the park has been replaced by goo d character.Disc golf is not confined to the above named benefits alone. It comes with social benefits too. Families can go on a trip, an despatch or a picnic to the local park and participate in group golf activities by playing together, although one can still play disc golf alone. Mini-tournaments and contests are held weekly by area disc clubs. These leagues which promote socialization by bringing together members, new as well as old, who then are presented with an opportunity of sharing experiences (Vegas Golf Specials).The sport provides people who live in the rural areas an alternative way of spending their spare time usefully instead of engaging in some non-beneficial things like drug taking and robbery. Morals are preserved as more parks are built in areas which were otherwise being used by street gangs and drug dealers who, by association, spread their vice to the local communities (Rules). Disk golf is non-exhaustive compared to other games therefore anyone of any gender or age is able to play it.This is also attributed to the fact that the impact of the game is relatively low, therefore weaker people such as women and children are able to actively participate in it and get its full benefits. The sport is an activity of a lifetime necessitated by the fact that a player does it at the pace that they are able to. It is not strenuous. This adds to the game psychological as well as physical benefits to those who engage in it as it only takes one to walk a course and then throw the disc. Carts are strange to this game (Siniscalchi Pierscalla, 2005).

National Honors Society Essay Essay Example for Free

National Honors Society Essay EssayIf I had the power to change three things in my school or company, I would obligate whole gritty school students to hire a polish and religion class to educate students about peoples various beliefs and customs duty. Secondly, I would encourage students to deliberate high direct academic classes instead of just the basics. We would send students into freshmen classrooms to and inform them about the benefits of taking somewhat of the tougher classes. At the the same time we are trying to erase some of the misconceptions about the upper direct math and science courses. Finally, I would encourage hosting more community activities. Living in the age of globalization, it is of import for schools to offer a class that teaches global culture, including as well as the beliefs of various ethnic and unearthly groups. Offering such a class would be a crucial improvement in our school. We all are aware of the importance of obtaining a good edu cation and the highest degrees in the latest and best technologies. In preparation for that we take the hardest classes in school and try to get into the near illustrious college and learn, but, alas, we forget the virtually important aspect of life ______.We always forget that what is even more important than understanding the worldly concern in which we live in and how it functions and its sciences, is understanding each other and how we as individuals functions based on our beliefs and culture. In the real word, disagreement arises from the inability to understand someone elses approach to something, especially if they come from a different background than you. On a bigger scale, disputes between countries due to our lack of understanding of others and their customs can often lead to war. So much surplus conflict arises from our ignorance and lack of education we arrest from school. Therefore, fashioning such a class mandatory for all students would also indubitably trigger vigorous relationships throughout the student carcass, instead of the stereotypical malice that currently flows around. Secondly, I would encourage the student body to take more challenging courses. In high school, we all think about having fun and making the around of these four years, especially during our senior year. Nonetheless, we fail to realize how valuable our time is in high school. How we spend this time determines what colleges we get entry to, what scholarships you receive, but also our future career.Students often surmise that the higher level math and sciences courses are only fornerds and fail to realize the benefits, including how much money it will sustain them in college. Therefore, I would like to create a program where students who have taken theses higher level courses go around the school during the two-week period when everyone is choosing courses for the next year and discuss the benefits of taking classes such as AP Calculus, AP Biology, AP Chemistry, and AP Physics. Furthermore, this would also clear up some of the appalling misconceptions created about some of these classes. For instance, during a personal recover I had with a student who I was helping with math homework, she asked what math class I was in. To which I replied, I am taking AP Calculus. She immediately replied with comments such as, Why bother, its a yearn of time. No one ever use Calculus in the real world except if youre a rocket scientist. Obviously, she made an illegitimate claim. I had to explain to her that, in fact, the type of math most applied in any career is calculus, as it helps solve 80% of real-world problems and much more applicable than algebra or trigonometry. Reasons and encounters as such is what motivates me to create such programs so students can benefit from them and make the most out of high school.Finally, I would encourage hosting more community activities. We already have a township square where we celebrate the first Friday of every month with a small carnival. But with our small community size and our extremely diverse population, we could host annual picnics where people bring traditional dishes, stage a mixture of cultural performances, and, overall, just have a good time with each other. This kind of characterization is very beneficial for everyone, especially employees and their colleagues. Not knowing about your colleagues and their entertainment and food preferences could create unnecessary problems. One might accidently comment or reference something that is offensive to their co workers creating a spark that could potentially ignite a fire. There are many changes that can be brought to the community and school that would be very beneficial. But if I had the power to change three things in my school or community, I would obligate all high school students to take a culture and religion class, encourage students to take higher level academic classes instead of just the basics, and I would encourage hosti ng more community activities.

Assess the advantages of job specialisation Essay Example for Free

Assess the advantages of trick slopped point undertake1. Terminology conversation channel DefinitionJob definitions in send argon commonly only employ to low level manual of arms and clerical mull overs, at more than than senior levels there argon usu all toldy greater degrees of own job qualification.There is a school of thought that suggests newly appointed module ought to know exactly what their duties atomic number 18 in detail. The suggestion is that this higher degree of definition (or specification) boosters to motivate employees by letting them know exactly what is expected of them. Others schools of thought argon that, far from beingnessness motivating a high level of job definition acts to take in peoples deportment and sets minimum actance standards. Job strong pointJob specialisation is typically a feature of bureaucratic placements where there is an implied clear-cut division of excavate and a high level of specialisation this is particularly relevant to some(prenominal) knowledge jobs and jobs of a manual or clerical nature. After general training just ab step forward cypherers e.g. doctors may pay back gynaecologists, assembly roue scarperers may specialise in fitting car tyres whilst others fit doors, therefore they be deal a specialist.The normal of the boldness relates to what types of jobs should be created and how narrow and specialised they should be.Advantages of job specialisation would be* Job holders can bug out enormous skill in performing a narrowly outlined and specified grind* Job specialisation typically means that less work beat is lost in switching from single job to a nonher* Specialised equipment to maturation productivity can be more easily genuine in highly specified jobs* Training people for specialised jobs is comparatively easyDisadvantages of job specialisation would be* Boredom is a problem. Workers often get little satis positionion from the job and feel no pride in carryin g break through trivial tasks* Workers with highly specialised jobs often fuck off high levels of absenteeism and job dissatisfaction and may quit more readily or develop antagonistic relationships with their superiorsOnce jobs confine been designed, brass instruments must thus group the jobs into logical units. At upper levels of an composition, the groups may be called divisions, product groups or units. At middle and lower levels, they be usually called departments. Departmentalisation is the basis on which jobs ar grouped together at heart an placement.Another form of grouping is by product. This is a popular structural form in large- scurf nerves having a wide range of products or work. In the National Health Service, for compositors case, the key groups of employees medical, nursing, paramedical and hotel services are dispersed according to the service they come through, e.g. maternity, orthopaedic, surgical, psychiatric etc.The advantage of a product organis ation is that it facilitates co-ordination and integration, speeds up decision making and eases assessment of units performance.Disadvantages of this type of organisation are that there is some duplication of effort in the various officeal areas and managers tend to focus narrowly on their product responsibilities alternatively than the overall organisation.Hierarchical StructureHierarchy refers to the reckon of levels to be found in an organisation. In a comp whatsoever that has a flat organisation organize there are comparatively few levels amidst the lowest and highest levels of dresser.A hierarchy is the pattern of coverage relationships betwixt single(a)s in positions throughout an organisation. The hierarchy has 2 purposes to specify which positions are trus cardinalrthy for which areas of operation and to specify the authorisation of assorted positions relative to peerless another. laterality is the power created and granted by the organisation. Organisations mu st decide how bureau is to be distri onlyed among various positions, levels and departments.The deal of distributing potential in the midst of managers and subordinates is known as relegating. relegation is a third step process amid a manager and one or more subordinates.1) Assigning righteousness2) Granting permission3) Creating account big airmanMany managers are reluctant to delegate beca commit they dont know how to do so or they feel threatened by a subordinate who performs well up. Organisations withdraw to help managers decide how oft obligation to delegate and to overcome the threat of being overshadowed.Decisions most how to distribute place throughout an organisation resultant role in decentralisation or centralisation. decentalisation is the systematic delegation and indebtedness to middle and lower levels of an organisation. Centralisation is the systematic retention of power and business at higher levels of an organisation.Decentralisation and centra lisation are the opposite ends of a continuum. Most firms are comparatively more decentralised or relatively more centralised. Centralisation generally allows top managers to exercise gibe over the organisation, however, it likewise slows decision making and constrains innovation.Decentralisation distributes comptroller more evenly throughout the organisation. It also tends to speed decision making and make the organisation more flexible and responsive. However, decentralisation allows more opportunities for errors in decision making. The decision to decentralise or centralise is warpd by the organisations environment, size and economic performance.Span of equaliseerDelegation is naturally a power-sharing process in which individual(a) managers enrapture part of their legitimate authority to subordinates / team trinityers, but without passing on their own ultimate obligation for the completion of the overall task which has been entrusted to them by their own superiors.Th e reasons for delegation are mainly practical, but some are idealistic. Practical reasons complicate* precedential managers can be relieved of less pregnant, or less immediate, responsibilities in order to dilute on more all-important(a) duties* Delegation enables decisions to be taken nearer to the point of impact, and without the delays ca apply by patronize refer upwards* Delegation gives managers the opportunity to experience decision making and the consequences of their decisions* Delegation encourages managers to learn how to love with responsibility* Delegation enables organisations to meet changing conditions more flexibly, especially at the boundaries of their systemIdealistic reasons for delegation embarrass* Delegation is a good thing for individual induceth, and contributes to stave morale* Delegation is the hell qua non of authority (Peter, 1988)* Delegation helps to enrich individuals jobs and humanises work.Most organisations find the need to delegate forc ed on them by circumstances, especially the pressures on managers to concentrate on environmental issues rather than on internal problems. However, the beaver normal is to be found in organisations that use delegation positively as an important employee motivator as well as a means of facilitating effective decision-making throughout the organisation.One of the major gestures which has to be confront when considering the practical aspects of delegation is how many subordinates, or team members, can be managed effectively by any one manager or supervisor. This is the classical management issue of the so-called span of statement, i.e. the number of employees reporting directly to one somebody.The term span of control refers to the number of subordinates that an individual manages or controls and for whose work that person is responsible. In tall hierarchical organisations an individual employee may rent a wide span of control. In contrast in a teamwork structure the span of contr ol may be narrow or may not exist at all.Within an organisation, the span of control bears an inverse relationship to the number of layers of hierarchy, i.e. if the span of control is narrow a large number of levels of hierarchy are needed.In practice spans can vary between one and forty or more subordinates directly supervised, although the closely apt(predicate) range is between three and twenty. Smaller spans tend to be found among managerial, professional and technical groups. present factors much(prenominal) as cost, the complexity of the work and the need to deal adequately with the problems of people, who may themselves be managers of others, have a closer involvement by superiors in the total operation of their units.Towards the skunk end of the organisational hierarchy, where employees who have no subordinates themselves are carrying out routine tasks, it is practicable to have much larger spans.The altogether question of spans of control is linked to top managements views about the number of levels they should have in their organisation. If a flat organisation is preferred, then larger spans are an inevitable consequence, especially for middle managers. If a tall structure is preferred, then spans can be smaller. Any final decision has to be a compromise between these debate consequences.Other important influences on the size of the spans in an organisation or unit take on* The levels of ability of management i.e. are they capable of producing results with spans of a certain number.* The level of knowledge and experience of the subordinates concerned, e.g. well-trained and experienced staff require less supervision than those without training and experience* The complexity of the work of the unit and the degree of interchange to which it is subject, i.e. the more complex and more fast changing the work, the more necessary it is to install narrow spans of control* The costliness of possible mistakes by individuals in the unit* The degree of hazard or danger associated with the work, e.g. work on oil rigs or in biochemical laboratories requires special attention to safety proceduresIn a tall organisational structure many levels separate the lowest positions from the highest one.Hierarchical structures are taken to the extreme in organisations like the army. There are lots of different ranks or grades of workers, with different responsibilities, pay and status. Such organisations are meant to be more inflexible and bureaucratic.2. In prescribed and Formal Organisational StructuresOrganisational structure can be viewed from many perspectives, but I find viewing it from a decision making perspective most useful.Structure exists to perform deuce essential functions deep down an organisationa) check into Ensuring that decision makers at all levels use the managerial or hierarchical constraint as one of the criteria in making their decisions, andb) Coordination Ensuring that decision makers at all levels use lateral or pe er constraints as criteria in their decision makingThe informal organisation structure usually consists of staff and workers who report directly to a small number of managers. This permits a strong influence on morale, motivation and how satisfied staff are with their jobs. This can assist in big(a) a fast response to customers and following up market opportunities quickly but can lead to confusion of responsibilities and confuse decision making. Organisational growth could lead to increased tensity due to overlapping of job roles which would lead to the organisation adopting a formal organisational structure.The informal organisation is* Flexible and loosely structured* Relationships may be left undefined* Membership is spontaneous and with varying degrees of involvement.The informal organisation can service of process a number of important functions* It provides satisfaction of members social needs, and a sense of personal identity and belong* It provides for summational chann els of communication for example, through the grapevine information of importance to particular members is communicated quickly* It provides a means of motivation, for example, through status, social interaction, variety in routine or tedious jobs, and informal methods of work.* It provides a feeling of stability and security, and through informal norms of behaviour can exercise a form of control over members* It provides a means of highlighting deficiencies or weaknesses in the formal organisation, for example, areas of duties or responsibilities not cover in job descriptions or outdated systems and procedures. The informal organisation may also be used when formal methods would take too long, or not be appropriate, to deal with an unusual or unexpected situationThe informal organisation, therefore, has an important influence on the morale, motivation, job satisfaction and performance of staff. It can provide members with greater opportunity to use their initiative and creativity in both personal and organisational development.The informal organisation is the networks of relationships that employees form across functions and divisions to accomplish tasks fast. stop is also an integral part of the process of management and a key element for any organisation, playing an important role in the relationship between managers and their subordinates. go out is not only a function of the formal organisation and hierarchical structure of authority, it is also a feature of organisational behaviour and a function of interpersonal influence. The whole purpose of managerial control is the service in performance at both the individual and organisational level.Control involves the planning and organisation of work functions, and point and regulating the activities of staff. A social organisation is an ordered arrangement of individual human interactions. Control processes help circumscribe typical behaviours and keep them conformant to the rational plan of the organisatio n.Organisations require a certain amount of deference as well as the integration of diverse activities. It is the function of control to bring about conformism to organisational requirement and passment of the ultimate purposes of the organisation.At the organisational level, management need to exercise control over the behaviour and actions of staff in order to ensure a satisfactory level of performance. Managerial control systems are a means of checking progress to determine whether the objectives of the organisation are being getd. Control provides a check on the execution of work and on the success or failure of the operations of organisations.There are two main types of control which can be used within the organisation and whichever one of these two styles is chosen plays an important factor in the relationship between the manager and his/her subordinates. Firstly, there is Behavioural Control which is establish upon the direct personal supervision of the employees. This fo rm of control appears more useful to the needs of individual managers in their attempts to control subordinates in one department or section.There is also Output Control which is base on the measurement of outputs and the results achieved. This form of control serves the needs of the organisation as a whole and is used largely because of the demand for simple measurement of organisational performance.There are five essential elements for a management control system to be truly successful. These factors include the planning of what is desired, establishing standards of performance, monitoring actual performance, compare actual achievement against the planned target and also rectifying the taking of corrective action.Control is viewed as an essential feature of formal organisation and a hierarchical structure of authority. An alternative view of control is more in keeping with the human relations approach, control is seen as a feature of interpersonal influence and takes place withi n a network of interaction and communication. While the need for some form of control is constant, the extent and manner of control is variable.In the formal organisational structure there will be patterns of communication and procedures for decision making. Some organisations will have tall structures with lots of layers of command. Other organisations can be relatively flat.The formal structure is usually the first structure adopted after the simple informal organisational structure. It represents a significant shift from centralisation (one person in charge) to decentralisation.Management is divided into tasks of getting the work (sales marketing), carrying out the work (operations), getting the staff (personnel) and recording transactions and arranging finance (finance).This can lead to tension and inter-rivalry between functions, overlap, duplication of effort and difficulties in co-ordination can also occur.Formal structures are often based on specific tasks and it is how the se tasks are allocated and the authority which they carry are explained by the organisational structure.The formal organisation is based on official links and connections whereas the informal organisation is based on loose ad hoc connections. It is much easier to set out an organisation chart for formal structure than for informal ones, which may not be obvious and may change although some informal structures are deeply embedded in working practice.The formal organisation is* Deliberately planned and created* Concerned with the co-ordination of activities* Hierarchically structured with stated objectives, the specification of tasks, and defined relationships of authority and responsibility.Within the formal organisation an informal organisation will always be present.I would define an organisations structure as the architecture both visible and invisible which connects and weaves together all aspects of the organisations activities so that it functions in a dynamic way. One simple approach is to consider how an organisations structure is described when represented in the form of a diagram which is most often shown as an organisation chart.Below is an example of formal organisation chart for3. Organisational Structure of Scottish Enterprise Bordersa) Scottish Enterprise operates a formal organisational structure subdivided into regional structures for each Local Enterprise company.This structure is due to the organisation being relatively large, geographically dispersed, and delivering a wide range of goods/services. This is in common with all 12 local attempt companies and allows us to work in close proximity to our customers and partners, by locating staff throughout lowland Scotland.The regional structuring was adopted following a process the Scottish Enterprise Network went through 2 years ago called Business Transformation. This entailed a radical overhaul of the way Scottish Enterprise conducted its bloodline. As part of Business Transformation the org anisational structure of the entire Scottish Enterprise Network was redirect examinationed and as a result a flatter less bureaucratic structure developed. The original structure hindered the decision making process and there was a lack of co-ordination. The network needed to modernise its working practices to ensure that it was braggy tax payers value for money.b) It was considered that adopting this type of structure would improve decision making, fixaccountability for performance and increase the coordination of functions. This structure allows the network to evaluate and monitor its activities, it also allows a degree of flexibility.The main downside of this strategy is that it does treasure rivalry among the divisions. This is why our organisational values became an integral part of how we do business. Rivalry between local initiative companies and departments is a cultural and historical issue that will in all probability always exist.In Network terms, our business units are the 12 LECs and the directorates in Atlantic Quay. Every business unit owns a balanced board to help them manage the performance of their own business unit. The reference point for this is the Network balanced wit agreed with the Corporate Management Team.Strategy maps articulate the key objectives that describe both what the organisation wants to achieve and how it is going to achieve it, and demonstrates the critical cause and effect relationships between these objectives (i.e. linkages between desired outcomes and what we must have in place internally to deliver them). Strategy maps are now considered to be the single most important and useful element of designing a balanced scorecard.4. Organisational Charta) The organisational structure of a business is most easily summarised in an organisational chart. The chart shows at any given moment in time how work is divided and the grouping together of activities, the levels of authority and formal organisational relationships. O rganisation charts describe in delineated form the structure of an organisation. It is the skeleton upon which every other activity depends, more importantly, it is the framework which explains the communication pattern, process and the linking mechanisms between the roles. It illustrates to everyone who communicates with whom, how the control system works, who is in control, who has authority and above all, who is responsible. It explains how the organisation is co-ordinated and how individual departments relate.The division of labour and the relationship of one position to another is reflected in an organisational chart which can act as a guide to explain how the work of different people in the organisation is co-ordinated and integrated.Once specified and defined, the jobs and the authority and responsibility relations between them are represented on an organisational chart.Some charts are very incomplete and give only a minimal amount of information whilst others give varying amounts of additional details, such(prenominal) as an indication of the broad nature of duties and responsibilities of the various units. Others include names of post holders and even photographs, and some give the salary grading for individual positions.Using such a chart would allow employees to become familiar with the organisation, making them feel a part of the company, allowing them to know whos who and whats going on.Organisational charts are useful in explaining the outline structure of the company. They may be used as a basis for the analysis and review of structure, for training and management succession, and for formulating changes.The chart indicates several important details about the organisation * Lines of communication* Delegation of authority* Accountability* Span of Control* The way in which the work of the organisation is groupedOrganisational charts have several weaknesses as a means of explaining organisational structure. Most importantly, they may not be consis tent with reality. They may not be current. They may imply a formality that does not exist in practice. Often, they are drawn from a top down perspective. The organisation may look quite different from the bottom than from the top. They often imply that a pyramid structure is the best or only way to fig out a business. A circular organisational approach or team approach may in fact be better in some cases.The organisation chart may fail to come to come to grips with the power and authority of a popular and charismatic person relatively low in the organisation or a person who has a substantial financial investment in the business without being a formal part of the management team.Hierarchy refers to the number of levels found in an organisation. In a company that has a flat organisation structure there are relatively few levels between the lowest and highest levels of authority.The basic distinction made between tall hierarchical organisations, and flatter teamwork structured organi sations is that a tall organisation will have several layers of command.In contrast team structures will be based on cells of team members working together, often belonging to several end teams which form and repossess as despatchs start and finish.The line relationship authority flows vertically down through the structure, for example, from the chief executive director to director, director to team. There is a direct relationship between superior and subordinate, with each subordinate responsible to only one person. Line relationships are associated with structural or departmental divisions of work and organisational control. Directors have authority and responsibility for all matters and activities within their own directorate.Lateral Relationships exist between team members. The organisation is not concerned with responsibilities or authority but rather with providing an avenue for communication and co-ordination between widely different aspects of work.The lateral relations hips that exist may be categorised intoColleague Relations These are the relationship that exists between people working in the same directorate and who are members of the same team.Collateral Relations These are the relationships that are necessary for the interchange of ideas and opinions between people at the same level but in different teams within the organisation.5. Organisational StructureMatrix StructureMatrix structures are organisational forms which have evolved as a result of co-ordination problems in highly complex industries such as software package development, where utilitarian and product types of structure have not been able to meet organisational demands for a variety of key activities and relationships arising from the required work processes.A matrix structure usually combines a functional form of structure with a externalize-based structure. For example, in a two year project to produce a modified version of a standard software programme, one project manager will co-ordinate, and be held accountable for, the work to be undertaken by the project team, and he will be the person who deals on a regular basis with the client. However, in addition to reporting to his own senior line manager on progress with the project as a whole, he will also report on specialist matters, such as design issues, to one or more functional managers, depending on the complexity of the project.The functional managers provide technical expertise and organisational stability. The project manager provides the driving force and the day-to-day control required to steer the project through during its relatively temporary lifetime.The main feature of a matrix structure is that it combines lateral with vertical lines of communication and authority. This has the important advantage of combining the relative stability and efficiency of a hierarchical structure with the flexibility and easiness of an organic form of structure.A matrix form focuses on the requirements of th e project group, which is in direct gain with the client. It helps to clarify who is responsible for the success of the project. It encourages functional managers to understand their contributory role of the purely functional form, i.e. individual empire building by the functional heads.Three conditions are necessary for the matrix* Economy of scale in the use of internal resources* Environmental pressure for two or more critical factors such as product (need to complete a specific projectfor example development of the Lower Churchill Falls for electricity) and function (specialized work activity skills needed from within the functional structure necessary for completing this project)* Environment is both complex and uncertainKey Matrix RolesThe matrix relies on three key rolesTop draw This individual must keep a balance between the two authority structures. The leader attempts to achieve a balanced matrix structure. Oftentimes either a functional matrix (primary boss functional leader) or product matrix (primary boss functional leader).Matrix bosses Individuals who have management responsibility within the functional and divisional structure need to work collaboratively and establish a priori arrangements for decision making and brawl resolution.Two-boss employee These individuals are the employees who perform the essential work and they report to two bosses requiring them to be able to deal with remote demands.Strengths and Weaknesses* Achieves coordination necessary to meet dual demands from divisional-product and functional requirements, but dual authority can be thwart and confusing to employees.* Provides flexible use of human resources across divisions-products, but participants need excellent interpersonal skills for work to proceed smoothly and successfully* Suited to environment in which frequent changes occur, but consensus seeking and meetings are time-consuming* Provides an opportunity for employees to acquire in-depth skill development fo r both functional and division-product skill development.* Suited best in medium-sized organizations with several products or projectsHowever, like all organisational form, matrix structures do have their disadvantages. The most important are* The potential conflicts that can arise concerning the allocation of resources and the division of authority as between project groups and functional specialists* The relative dilution of functional management responsibilities throughout the organisation* The possibility of divided loyalties on the part of members of project teams in relation to their own manager and their functional superiorsDespite these disadvantages, the matrix form probably offers the best answer to date to the issue of handling the tension between the need to differentiate and the need to integrate the complex activities of modern organisations.loan-blend StructureHybrid structures occur when an organisation adopts a structure, which combines two structures from either fu nctional, product or customer principles as a basis for its design.Most organisations eventually use multiple forms of structure within a single overall structure.Once work groups have been departmentalised, the organisation needs to develop a network of reporting relationships.A hierarchy is the pattern of reporting relationships between individuals in positions throughout an organisation. The hierarchy has two purposes to specify which positions are responsible for which areas of operation and to specify the authority of different positions relative to one another.Authority is the power created and granted by the organisation. Organisations must decide how authority is to be distributed among various positions, levels and departments.The process of distributing authority between managers and subordinates is known as delegation.Delegation is a three step process between a manager and one or more subordinates.1) Assigning responsibility2) Granting authority3) Creating accountability Many managers are reluctant to delegate because they dont know how to do so or they feel threatened by a subordinate who performs well. Organisations need to help managers decide how much responsibility to delegate and to overcome the threat of being overshadowed.Decisions about how to distribute authority throughout an organisation result in decentralisation or centralisation.Delegation is essentially a power-sharing process in which individual managers transfer part of their legitimate authority to subordinates/team leaders, but without passing on their own ultimate responsibility for the completion of the overall task which has been entrusted to them by their own superiors.Strengths and Weaknesses* The hybrid is a balance between a pure divisional or product structure and a pure functional structure and combines the advantages of each.* Weaknesses include high administrative costs and potential conflict over goal focus and resource allocations for functional and divisional depart ments.The reasons for delegation are mainly practical, but some are idealistic. Practical reasons include* Senior managers can be relieved of less important, or less immediate, responsibilities in order to concentrate on more important duties* Delegation enables decisions to be taken nearer to the point of impact, and without the delays caused by frequent reference upwards* Delegation gives managers the opportunity to experience decision making and the consequences of their decisions* Delegation encourages managers to learn how to cope with responsibility* Delegation enables organisations to meet changing conditions more flexibly, especially at the boundaries of their systemIdealistic reasons for delegation include* Delegation is a good thing for individual growth, and contributes to staff morale* Delegation is the sine qua non of empowerment (Peter, 1988)* Delegation helps to enrich individuals jobs and humanises work.Most organisations find the need to delegate forced on them by c ircumstances, especially the pressures on managers to concentrate on environmental issues rather than on internal problems.Overall, organisations have to adapt and grow whilst responding to environment and technology changes by developing more complex structures that are composites of the basic types.Both Hybrid and Matrix structures are composites of the basic type of organisation structure.The reasons why organisations divide into different structures is varied. Typically, structures develop out of functional lines (production, sales etc) geography (like Coca Cola) or by business.The reason will be about capitalising on some structural efficiencies or economies of scale to produce competitive advantage. The benefits are that the smaller (hopefully more logical) units will be more manageable, efficient and profitable. Perhaps being closer to their market and more adaptable. maybe maximising on internal communications and transfer of knowledge.The consequences are (hopefully) that the benefits are realised.However, the best practice is to be found in organisations that use delegation positively as an important employee motivator as well as a means of facilitating effective decision-making throughout the organisation.

Sony China Market Segmentation Essay Example for Free

Sony China Market Segmentation EssaySony VAIO is the better(p) estimator that serves the of necessity of every customer and is not comparable at all.From the conducted 760 surveys, 18 percent are grouped in the segment of entertainment lovers.Then 88 percent of all the entertainment lovers plan to by a laptop within the next 12 months, according to Exhibit 8. Therefore, there are approximately great hundred entertainment lovers likely to purchase a laptop within a year, of who about 8 would buy a Sony. In the Clues report there is an equally distribution across segments, although the problem is that the sample coat is not sufficiently large and the gap between the last column of each segment is not obvious enough, which may make comparison more difficult to conduct. For the Compass report, the advantage is that the sample surface is good and diversity of respondents is taken into account. There are clear gaps between the final results of each segment. However, the wrong i s the bound for segmentation is unclear, which can cause confusion in selecting target segment.Mr. Lopez, as your merchandise strategy is focused on the current loyalty and interest in Sony, the target of segmentation is to retain animated customers while at the same time grow the share of customers Sonys products. Therefore, we believe that Sony should segment the market from a global perspective.Consequently, the Compass report, which segmented the market by purchase motivations, would be a fall in foundation under this marketing strategy because it involved a much larger base of respondents from different countries and regions of the world. It took much more diversified factors into the investigation of motivations behind purchasing decisions, which offered a crucial facilitation to the company to broaden its foreign markets.With reference to the Compass study data in China shown in table 2, the best segments to be targeted are Techonosocializers, performance seekers and s tatus focused customers, as the probability of purchasing a Sony computer within the next 12 months by these segments are relatively high than the remaining three segments. The motivations of buying decisions made by the three segments are to capture information from multimedia access, to facilitate online social networking and to muse the social status of an individual. These motivations can be best served by Sony brand.

My Values, Beliefs, Clinical Gestalt with Individuals and Systems Essay Example for Free

My Values, Beliefs, Clinical Gestalt with Individuals and Systems Essay seemly a successful clinician is like a work in progress, a clinician should never consider it end upd. there is always room to learn, to grow, and develop while working in the Human Services field. The knowledge that a clinician learns comes not only from education but also from experiences and time working in the field. Overtime, a clinician bottom expect to look at his or her own beliefs, values, and experiences as well as family, cultural dynamics, and background. The main(prenominal) reason a person continues to learn and obtain knowledge, is because of the array of clients a clinician sees. In the textbook, I had to complete exercises that discussed our values and beliefs and how they forget meet and interact with our professional lives. The values that be in my intent affect and take away me whom I am. Several values that bounce between my professional and personal life and roughly that do n ot. There are also some values that I need to improve on which will help me in both my professional and personal lives My most important values and beliefs are -Be respectful -Be open-minded -Be trustworthy -Always do my best -Have a big heart -Work ruffianly -Enjoy lifeHowever, the most important thing is to make my values and beliefs flexible so that I can mountain the clients and better assist them. This is not always an easy task to do, but because of my experiences and my education, I continue to make progress. A clinician takes the qualification to adapt and be flexible with your own personal beliefs and values. My experiences in life feature always revolved around helping things, whether it was people or animals. My parents use to tell me, and showed by elder family videos that I was the biggest tomboy and helper around our family farm.From a very young age, I was often nominate helping my parents on the farm rather than playing with Barbie Dolls. I would do all types o f work on the farm such as feed animal, clean the barn, and milk the cows. These items helped either animals or people. Being raised(a) on a dairy farm, encouraged me to work baffling. Once I started high school my hard work did not stop at the farm, I got my first job away from working on the dairy farm. I am still employed at the job and once again because of my hard work I have had several promotional experiences within the company.I have always been a hard worker at everything I do and have learned many of my values and beliefs. some some other textbook exercise that I completed discussed how my own family and my culture background will affect my ability to respond and connect with clients. I have learned that how I view others and makes me comfortable when working with clients has to do with how and where I was raised. My cultural background can include my education, social behaviors, ideas, and viewpoints. For example, in one of the exercises I was asked how I would feel w orking with a client who was African American or a client who was gay. in all these items are affected by how I was raised, and my cultural background. Society also influences the lives we live and how we view other individuals. Textbook exercises were also completed concerning this. I have learned that society we live in shape, who we are, bonnie like cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and values. Society can be described as the world, and community we live in. nonpareil example of society affecting our beliefs is with same sex marriages. This is a very controversial topic of society.For a very long time, society said same sex marriages are not okay, and recently they are becoming accepted. Because society is saying that it is now acceptable, the people in the communities are affected by this and their viewpoints whitethorn be altered. While working with clients a clinician needs to keep their cultural backgrounds and society out of their mind. Clinicians will experience working with clients of all types. It is important to remember that each client seen is different even if diagnoses, traits, characteristics, or anything else is similar. No two cases are alike.Clinicians will work with individuals with physical, mental, psychological, emotional, and verbal, and many other types of individuals. My job as a clinician is important. I need to remember that everything that shapes whom I am is important but private and should not be worn on my sleeve. Everything I do in life affects how I am shaped and how I view others. My values, beliefs, experiences, and the society also affect me. Keeping an open mind, and be understanding toward my clients is an important social function and I will continue to devolve this in my experiences.

Cold War and for its continuance to1956 Essay Example for Free

Cold state of struggle and for its continuance to1956 EssayHow far do you agree that ideological rivalry betwixt the superpowers was primarily responsible for both the origin of the Cold fight and for its continuance to 1956?Certainly, the ideological rivalry that existed in the midst of the East and the West, c erstrning Communism and Capitalism was the largest factor to fuel the lengthy cold contend, simply there were other smaller factors that inflamed the difference of opinion and ensured its continuance. Almost all of these factors can be draw back to the fundamental contradictory ideologies and most of which were reactions against the others respective policies, much(prenominal) as Comecome was the Soviet response to the Truman dogma/ Marshall Aid, and the Warsaw Pact a reaction to the creation of NATO. As the Second World War came to an end in 1945 it became clear that pre-war revulsion for the respective ideologies was ready to once again rear its displeasi ng head. The war time association between the US and the Soviet sodality had existed simply to unite against an oppositeness that if faced alone, neither could score overthrown. By 1945 it was obvious that Hitler and Nazi Germany were reaching the end of their powerful and annihilative lifetime. With the downfall of their enemy, the deuce superpowers had no common ground and were therefore left to return to their nations and their respective pre-war foreign policies.Both Russian and the Statesn ideologies can nevertheless be fully understood or explained by looking at their individual roots. America, as it stands today was founded less than two hundred years ago, with such a short national history and no legs to stand on, it is no wonder they are so scared of other ideologies, and insist on enforcing their bogus democracy, liberty and freedom on other countries with no allowance or acceptance of other ways of living.The basis of US foreign policy since 1945 has been the topic of containment, sketched out by George Kennan in the Long Telegram of 1946. Kennan argued that the methods and goals of the US and the SU were irreconcilable and therefore the US should attain for a prospicient manage. At some point the illegitimate government of the SU would collapse from within and the struggle would be over, as almost perfect prophecy of what was to happen years later.During the late Middle Ages, Russia had been separated from Europe by Mongol occupation, once Russia gained its freedom from the Mongol yoke and attempted to become a European power, it found that it lacked the technology and culture of the West. Furthermore, it was an underdeveloped peasant society, embracing enormous geographical expanse. The argufy was to change and modernize the country. Russian leaders from Ivan the Terrible onwards were all faced with the problem of transforming this retracted society. In 1917, the Bolsheviks inherited these traditional Russian preoccupations howalways they also inherited a confide to delimitate themselves and pursue her own unique national calling rather than simply follow in a Western pattern of development. The Soviet Union, Stalin declared, did not need the West, but could succeed on its own.Additionally, while the Bolsheviks embraced the loss vision of a universal pattern of development, they also inherited Marxs ambivalent attitude to capitalism and his desire to see its destruction. Suspicion of the West thus came to be deeply embedded in the Bolshevik wag the West was the enemy against which Bolshevism defined its identity. It was therefore, essentially, a reactive identity Soviet socialism, constructed as a protest against Western capitalism, was an anti-world to Capitalism (Kotkin 1995).Personality clashes between the two superpower leaders, Stalin and any of the US Pre emplacementnts once again comes back to their arrant(a)ly opposing ideological beliefs and their individual fears of the others possible world domin ation. So when Stalin died in 1953 it was unclear how, or purge if, Soviet politics could maintain its hard-line policies both internationally against America and internally. However, in 1956 Khrushchev, the new Soviet leader made his famous secret speech, clearly criticizing Stalin this, almost even more clearly than even Stalins death, signified the end of Stalinism. Khrushchevs appointment marked the end of the relationship between Stalin and the West. Brimming with positive ideas for peaceful coexistence, and a much larger power base than Stalins dictatorship ever allowed, the relationship between Khrushchev and the west began, and thats a whole other story.The Cold War was an ideological and geographical struggle between two opposing systems. Equally important, it was a struggle that took place during the first cardinal years of the atomic age, and the existence of thermonuclear weapons greatly affected the nature of the struggle. The black cloud of nuclear Armageddon hung over the entire cold war period. Yet, thankfully, the bomb was never used to attack after 1945 by either the United States or the Soviet Union.Although this war was nothing like either the first or second world war, the rest of the world was dragged in too. The Korean War was labeled the cold war in the east by one historian. (sorry know this bit should be much much longer)At no point in history, from before the 16th century have two superpowers been able to coexist, there has always been a single hegemonic power. Yet Hollands influence in the 16th century and Portugals small town of Spain and South America, and even the British Empire would never have been labeled superpowers. Perhaps this is because although these countries had influence, they did not have the power to destroy the world at the press of a button. Nonetheless in this nuclear eon there is even less room for two major powers, and even though the ideologies are complete opposites, the cold war can be explained as a p ower struggle between two big kids, fighting for their right to be the biggest bully in the playground.Although this certainly wasnt the first, or then the last, war that America has won I feel that this is almost the most important win in US, indeed even world, history. The battle of two superpowers, both with the ability to destroy the world, and that only, by the collapse of the Soviet Union in the late 20th century, allowed the US to appear as the winner and assume the position of the worlds only superpower and subtly declare itself world leader. I believe the cold war is one of the largest factors for do the American superiority which had the cold war had a different outcome perhaps would have been conquer or even seen the Soviet Union develop the ignorance and superiority that is so fiercely disliked by much of the world.I fully agree that fundamentally the cold war was a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, fuelled on both sides by the belief that the ideology of the other side had to be destroyed. It is because of this that co-existence was not possible- one side could only win at the expense of the other, no matter how long either side had to wait for their victory, the ideological hatred ran so deep that both sides that neither side was prepared to jeopardize their own way of life for the benefit of the other. The Soviet Union held to Lenins belief that conflict between communism and capitalism was inevitable.The United States believed that peace and stability in the world would only protrude when the evil of communism had been exorcised. At the ideological level Moscows communist world-view, which saw capitalism as irresponsible evil, fed off Washingtons world-view, which saw communism as an absolute evil, and in this way helped to sustain the others prophecy. every(prenominal) action that either power took was followed by an almost immediate reaction from the other, the continuation of the Cold War not only until 1956 but until the Soviet Unions downfall in 1970/80s, was continually fueled by actions and reactions which were sometimes insignificant but which also brought the world closer than ever to a full scale nuclear war.BibliographyStalinism, An Overview P. Boobbyer 2000The Cold War John W. MasonSarah Holtam Page 1 2/5/8/2007